34 The correct answer is F: The fifth paragraph suggests that ‘one of the most reliable ways
to support wisdom in our own day-to-day decisions is to look at scenarios from a third-party
perspective, as though giving advice to a friend’. This is a recommendation to regard scenarios in a
detached way, as if from another person’s viewpoint: in other words, to look at them with objectivity.
35 The correct answer is G: The fifth paragraph suggests that taking a third-person
perspective helps people ‘focus more on interpersonal and moral ideals such as justice and
impartiality’. The concepts of ‘justice and impartiality’ have a similar meaning to fairness.
36 The correct answer is FALSE: The text says, ‘The students were instructed to imagine
their career either “as if you were a distant observer” or “before your own eyes as if you were
right there”.’ It then refers to participants being ‘assigned’ to particular groups. Both of these
statements indicate that the students were given no choice about the perspective to take.
37 The correct answer is NOT GIVEN: The text describes how the couples experiment was
conducted but does not mention whether the participants were aware that the study was about
wise reasoning.
38 The correct answer is NOT GIVEN: The text says that the ‘perspectives’ taken by the
participants had an impact on the results; it does not say whether the length of the couples’
relationships had any impact on these.
39 The correct answer is TRUE: The text says of the job prospects experiment that
‘Participants in the group assigned to the “distant observer” role displayed more wisdom-
related reasoning (intellectual humility and recognition of change) than did participants in the
control group’; it says of the couples experiment that ‘Couples in the “other’s eyes” condition
were significantly more likely to rely on wise reasoning – recognizing others’ perspectives and
searching for a compromise – compared to the couples in the egocentric condition.’ This means
that the two experiments produced the same results: in both cases, the participants who took
the wiser decisions were those who looked at the situation from a detached viewpoint.
