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In many African and Latin American countries the rate of population growth appears to be
constant or even rising, but in Asia there are signs that the growth rate has peaked and is now
declining. The different experiences may reflect differences in government policies: in 1980 a
quarter of less developed countries had no official family planning programme. The success
stories involve India, where in 1980, 23 per cent of married women used contraceptives and the
birth rate fell from 4.4 to 3.6 per cent per annum between 1960 and 1980. The successful cases
show what can be done, but private incentives and attitudes still favour large families in many
poor societies; so, simply providing facilities for family planning may not be enough.
16. It is implied in the passage that, as regards population growth,
A. most less developed countries have adopted policies against family planning
B. family planning has not yet received adequate attention in the industrialized countries
C. India has taken no serious measures to check it
D. the case of Africa and Latin America is unlike that of Asia
17. In accordance with the passage, one reason why family planning in many less developed
countries has failed, is that _____.
A. contraceptives have only been supplied to married women
B. the use of contraceptives puts a strain on the family budget
C. married women have not been taught how to use contraceptives
D. people prefer to have large families
18. We can infer from the passage that the success of a family planning policy _____ .
A. has already been demonstrated in many Latin American countries
B. is always undermined by poverty and unemployment
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