Privatization is the process by which the production of
goods or services is removed from the government sector of the
economy.This can be done either by the public sale of shares in
a previously state – owned enterprise, or by the use of private
business to do government work under contract. The leader in this strategy was the Thatcher government
of Great Britain from 1979 to 1990. Previous governments had
tried limited denationalization (the restoration of nationalized
enterprises to their previous owners), but with limited success.
Privatization involved totally new owners. In some cases the
state enterprises that were “privatized” had never been in the
private sector.
Because state – owned companies have no profit motive,
they have no incentive to produce goods that consumers want,
and to do so at low cost. In addition, even if they want to satisfy
consumer demands, they have no idea of what consumers want.
The result is misallocation of resources. Management res-
ponds to political, rather than to commercial, pressures. The
capital assets of state businesses are often of poor quality
because the governments are not interested in the renewal of
capital equipment.
Before the British water industry was privatized in 1989,
it was undercapitalized by over $11 billion. As a result the
water supply failed to meet European standards for quality and
safety. Similarly, the post office had cut back its services. First
telegrams disappeared, then Sunday collection, then Saturday
second delivery. These changes made life easier for producers
at the expense of service to consumers. Most serious of all, the
losses of state industries consume funds that are needed for
private investment.
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The British privatization of nearly four dozen major
businesses and several hundred small ones was a success.
Privatized British industries outperformed the market average
once they entered the private sector, and the privatized stocks
rose in value faster than the stock market average.