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In Roman Republic, private individuals and companies
supplied nearly everything, including tax collection, supply the
army, religious sacrifices and construction. However, Roman
Empire createdstate- owned enterprises. Forexample, much of
the grain was eventually produced on estates owned by the the
Emperor. Scolars suggestthat the cost ofbureaucracywas one of
the reasons for the fall of Roman Empire.
Churchil’sgovernment privatized British steel industry in
the 1950s. West Germany’s government started a large- scale
privatization , including selling its Volkswagen majorityshare
to small investors in a public share offering in 1961.
There arethree mainmethods of privatization:
•
Share issue privatization (SIP)-selling shares on the
stock market
•
Assetsale privatization- selli8ng the entire firms or part
of it to a strategic investor, usuallyby auction.
•
Voucher privatization- shares of ownership are
distributed to all citizens usually for free or at a very low price.
Shareissue privatization is the most common type of
privatization.
As a result of higher political and currency risk deterring
foreign investors, asset salesare more common in developing
countries.
Voucher privatization has mainly been used in the
transitioneconomies of General and Easten Europe, such as
Russion, Poland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
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