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25
U.S. meat and poultry consumption (graph)
The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.
The line graph shows changes in the
per capita consumption of beef, pork, broilers and
turkey in the United States between 1955 and 2012.
It is noticeable that beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat for the
majority of the 57-year period. However, a considerable rise can be seen in the
consumption of broilers, with figures eventually surpassing those for beef.
Between 1955 and 1976, US beef consumption rose from around 60 to a peak of 90
pounds per person per year. During the
same period, consumption of broilers also rose,
to nearly 30 pounds per person, while the figures for pork fluctuated between 50 and
40 pounds per person. Turkey was
by far the least popular meat, with figures below 10
pounds per capita each year.
By 2012, the amount of beef consumed by the average American had plummeted to
around 50 pounds, but the consumption of broilers had doubled since the 1970s, to
approximately 55 pounds per capita. By contrast, there were no significant changes in
the trends for pork and turkey consumption over the period as a whole.
(187 words, band 9)
www.ielts-simon.com
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26
Waste paper recycling (Flow Chart)
The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there
are six distinct
stages in this process, from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual
production of usable paper.
At the first stage
in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from
paper banks, where members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from
businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and separated according to
its grade, with
any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is
transported to a paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and
pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out. Following this, all
remnants of
ink and glue are removed from the paper at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be
processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
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