Sensors for the analysis of redox reactions

UDC 541.128
Qurbanova Lala Maharram
Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical
Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan


SENSORS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF REDOX REACTIONS
Summary. The physico–chemical properties of new type catalase sensors, the socallted biomimetic sensors modulating some of catalase biosensor functions were investigated. These sensors have technological advantages ever their biological analogs due to the properties usually attributed to chemical sensors. The development electrochemical system stands in between bio- and chemical sensors
Keywords: selector, transducer, biosensor, catalase, mimetic

One of the most promising areas in the field of "high technology" is a new branch of science – bioelectronics, which was born from the interaction of two scientific fields - electronics and biochemistry.

The first development was analytical devices, called biosensors, which were the first generation of bioelectronics devices.
Biosensors are analytical instruments, thanks to substances of a biological nature; they “recognize” individual substances and quantify them in the form of electrical signals. Analysis of biological fluids, in particular, blood, consisting of thousands of different substances, is of the greatest interest for sensory technologies. This orientation in the creation of specific biosensors was caused by the need to quickly, qualitatively, and quantitatively determination of the desired ingredient.
The principle of constructing any type of biosensor is based on the use of two functionally different parts - a bioselective membrane (bio selector - biologically active material in an immobilized form) and a physical-chemical signal transducer - transducer. The bio selector is directly applied to the surface of the transducer, which transforms the biochemical signal into electrical or optical.
Bio-selective structures are divided into two functionally different groups: 1) with catalytic properties - enzymes, cells, tissues; 2) biological materials of an affinity nature - antibodies, receptors, and nucleic acids.
Currently, electrochemical transducers are most often used as transducers - electrodes (ampere, potentioconductivity, and conductometric), various optical, calorimetric, and acoustic transducers (Fig. 1).