Noradrenalin & Receptors



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Noradrenalin & Receptors

Noradrenalin & Receptors



A brief information about the NT



A brief information about the NT



Receptor types

Receptor types



Action mechanisms



Action mechanisms

Noradrenalin works both as a neurotransmitter 



Noradrenalin works both as a neurotransmitter 

in the CNS and as a hormone when it is released 

in the CNS and as a hormone when it is released 

by the adrenal gland with adrenalin. 

by the adrenal gland with adrenalin. 



Noradrenalin is released from the adrenal glands 

Noradrenalin is released from the adrenal glands 

during stress. 

during stress. 



In



In

the brain

the brain

it 


it 

plays


plays



crucial 

crucial 


role in 

role in 


arousing the 

arousing the 

body, for example from sleep. 

body, for example from sleep. 



High level of noradrenalin leads to 



High level of noradrenalin leads to 

hypersensitivity

hypersensitivity



Low level is related to poor concentration and 

Low level is related to poor concentration and 

depression

depression



Acts on adrenergic receptors



Acts on adrenergic receptors

Release of noradrenalin

Release of noradrenalin



Synthesis pathway of Noradrenalin

Synthesis pathway of Noradrenalin



Adrenergic Receptor types & Family

Adrenergic Receptor types & Family



Alpha Receptors

Alpha Receptors

Alpha 1


Alpha 1



Predominant form of alpha receptor in 

Predominant form of alpha receptor in 

the body.

the body.



Found primarily in the smooth muscles of 



Found primarily in the smooth muscles of 

arterioles, eye, gut, skin, veins, etc., as 

arterioles, eye, gut, skin, veins, etc., as 

well as in some other cell types (like 

well as in some other cell types (like 

salivary glands). 

salivary glands). 



Usually causes contraction of smooth 

Usually causes contraction of smooth 

muscle cells.

muscle cells.



Alpha 2

Alpha 2


Found at pre



Found at pre

-

-



synaptic terminals of 

synaptic terminals of 

adrenergic nerves.

adrenergic nerves.



Functions as an autoreceptor. If 



Functions as an autoreceptor. If 

stimulated, it decreases the subsequent 

stimulated, it decreases the subsequent 

release of transmitter.

release of transmitter.



When an agonist binds to an 

When an agonist binds to an 

α

α

2



2

-

-



receptor, 

receptor, 

cyclic AMP levels within the cell decrease. 

cyclic AMP levels within the cell decrease. 



Beta 

Beta 


Receptors

Receptors



Beta 1

Beta 1


Found in heart muscle, and in the kidney. 



Found in heart muscle, and in the kidney. 



Causes increased heart rate and 

Causes increased heart rate and 

contractility. 

contractility. 



Promotes release of renin from the kidney



Promotes release of renin from the kidney

Beta 2

Beta 2


Found in smooth muscle that relaxes upon 



Found in smooth muscle that relaxes upon 

stimulation, and in metabolic tissues 

stimulation, and in metabolic tissues 



Decrease in gastrointestinal motility. 

Decrease in gastrointestinal motility. 



Vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac 



Vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac 

muscle. 


muscle. 

Beta 3

Beta 3


β



β

3 receptors are only found on brown adipose 

3 receptors are only found on brown adipose 

tissue. 


tissue. 



Stimulates lipolysis, increasing fatty acids in the 

Stimulates lipolysis, increasing fatty acids in the 

blood. 

blood. 


Adults don't have much brown adipose tissue, 



Adults don't have much brown adipose tissue, 

but babies have lots. The role of brown adipose 

but babies have lots. The role of brown adipose 

tissue is thermogenesis 

tissue is thermogenesis 

-

-



as blood passes 

as blood passes 

through the brown adipose tissue it gets 

through the brown adipose tissue it gets 

warmed up. 

warmed up. 



Signal transduction mechanism; Alpha Receptors

Signal transduction mechanism; Alpha Receptors



Signal Transduction Mechanism; Beta Receptors

Signal Transduction Mechanism; Beta Receptors



Drug Examples



Drug Examples

:

:



Monoamine oxidase inhibitors & 



Monoamine oxidase inhibitors & 

amphetamine; Increase the free 

amphetamine; Increase the free 

noradrenalin and elevate mood.

noradrenalin and elevate mood.



Desipramine; Elevates the mood by 

Desipramine; Elevates the mood by 

decreasing the reuptake of liberated 

decreasing the reuptake of liberated 

noradrenalin.

noradrenalin.



Prepared by

Prepared by

;

;



Ö

Ö



zge 

zge 


Ö

Ö

zdemir



zdemir



Aytu

Aytu


ğ

ğ

Tun



Tun

ç

ç



el

el



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