E Dijksterhuis reports four Simple but elegant studies supporting this argument. In
one, participants assessed the quality of four hypothetical cars by considering either
four attributes (a simple task) or 12 attributes (a complex task). Among participants who
considered four attributes, those who were allowed to engage in undistracted
deliberative thought did better at discriminating between the best and worst cars. Those
who were distracted and thus unable to deliberate had to rely on their unconscious
thinking and did less well. The opposite pattern emerged when people considered 12
criteria. In this case, conscious deliberation led to inferior discrimination and poor
decisions.
F In other studies, Dijksterhuis surveyed people shopping for clothes (‘simple’
products) and furniture (‘complex’ products). Compared with those who said they had
deliberated long and hard, shoppers who bought with little conscious deliberation felt
less happy with their simple clothing purchase but happier with the complex furniture
purchases. Deliberation without attention actually produced better results as the
decisions became more complex.
G From there, however, the researchers take a big leap. They write: There is no
reason to assume that the deliberation-without-attention effect does not generalize to
other types of choices – political, managerial or otherwise. In such cases, it should
benefit the individual to think consciously about simple matters and to delegate thinking
about more complicated matters to the unconscious.
H This radical inference contradicts standard political and managerial theory but
doubtless comforts those in politics and management who always find the simple
solution to the complex problem an attractive proposition. Indeed, one suspects many of
our political leaders already embrace this wisdom.