3. Analysis on the current situation of foreign trade and
economic growth of Uzbekistan
This chapter will focus on the economic growth of Uzbekistan and its foreign
trade. It will be discussed in terms of economic aggregate, per capita GDP, population
status, foreign trade, etc.
3.1 Analysis on the relation situation of Uzbekistan
In 2021, the foreign trade deficit of Uzbekistan reached 8.8 billion dollars. Some
people consider it dangerous for the economy that the volume of imports is higher
than exports. Economist Mirkomil Kholboyev notes that any measures used to reduce
the deficit may be more dangerous than its increase.Foreign trade deficit means that
the volume of imports exceeds the volume of exports within the framework of foreign
trade turnover. In other words, the total value of the goods and services that the
country sells to other countries is less than the total value of the goods and services
that it buys from other countries. Due to the fact that the growth of the foreign trade
deficit or its existence at all has caused the outflow of foreign currency from the
country, many countries take measures to reduce it.In recent years, the foreign trade
deficit has been increasing sharply in Uzbekistan. In particular, in 2017, this figure
was 1.4 billion dollars, and by 2021 it will reach 8.8 billion dollars. Between 2017 and
2021, there was only one year of decrease in the volume of foreign trade deficit,
which happened in 2020, when the crisis was observed in the whole world, including
us. In general, the foreign trade deficit of Uzbekistan is increasing year by year,
excluding the year of the crisis. So how dangerous is this for our national
economy?Relation status of Uzbekistan that Uzbekistan is currently 114
th
largest
goods trading partner with $540 million in total (two way) goods trade during 2019.
Among the 20 large partner countries in foreign economic activity, there is also an
active foreign trade balance with four countries, in particular with such as Afghanistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey. A passive balance of foreign trade turnover
The relationship between foreign trade export and economic growth of Uzbekistan
18
remains with the remaining 16 countries. Today Uzbekistan carries out trade relations
with 179 countries of the world. The largest volume of foreign trade turnover was
recorded with the PRC (17.7%), the Russian Federation (17.4%), Kazakhstan (9.3%),
Turkey (8.0%), the Republic of Korea (4.4%), Kyrgyzstan (2.2%) and Germany
(1.8%). In the structure of the republic's foreign trade turnover, a significant share is
noted in Tashkent city, which is 38.7%, or 15 billion. US dollars, and the smallest
share is recorded the level of 1.0%, or 389.7 million US dollars, which is marked in
Surkhandarya region. Before the pandemic hit, Uzbekistan’s GDP was rising at a rate
of more than 6% a year. But in 2020 growth fell to a mere 1.7%. The bounce back in
2021 brought 6.9% in the first nine months, according to the Central Bank of
Uzbekistan (CBU). As the economy returns to health, the international financial
institutions (IFIs) have upped their forecasts for 2022. The International Monetary
Fund (IMF) revised its GDP growth outlook for 2022 to 6%. The World Bank is
predicting 5.6%, while the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a little more cautious
at 5.5%. The highest growth rate is projected by the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). It sees 6%. Uzbekistan’s foreign trade has
expanded significanty since incumbent Shavkat Mirziyoyev took office in 2016. Since
the liberation of the FX market in 2017, companies have leapt at the chance to seal
their own export deals and trade is flourishing. According to official data for
January-October 2021, Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover got back on the rails
following the impacts of the first year of the pandemic, reaching $32.7bn, up 8.5% y/y.
Of the total trade volume, exports amounted to $12.4bn, (down 6.7%), while imports
surged 20.5% to reach $20.2bn. Among the 20 major partner countries of Uzbekistan
in foreign economic activity, active foreign trade balances were observed with four
countries—Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey. China remains
Uzbekistan’s most important trade partner. However, turnover with the “ancient”
counterpart did not in 2021 regain pandemic levels, whereas trade with the other
Central Asian republics and Turkey did surpass the levels seen in 2019. To improve
the balance of payments equation, Tashkent is investing in adding value to production.
Uzbekistan’s biggest export item is now textiles. That in itself is a reflection of the
state’s new policy of aggressively targeting value-added exports. A ban on raw cotton
Southwest Petroleum University Graduation Thesis
19
exports has forced cotton growers to invest in textile production. Moreover, there are
also some news about improving the balance of payment equation and making it
better, and investing to a better. Export is expected to grow higher than expected. So,
lets look at coming changes in future. The table below shows the growing and what is
getting year by year.At Foreign trade, major changes have been observed in recent
years. For example, over the past three years, Kyrgyzstan has been involved in foreign
trade with Tajikistan and Afghanistan. there is an increase in turnover. Other countries
(from the army countries the highest share in the Foreign Trade (except for China) is
the people's Republic of China, Russia. The Federation, the Republic of Korea and the
Turkish countries accounted for. GDP rose at a softer average pace compared to the
previous quarter in Q1, amid a broad-based slowdown. Activity in the mining sector
ground to a near-halt in Q1, leading the overall downturn, with the agriculture,
construction, manufacturing and retail trade sectors also posting weaker growth. More
positively, merchandise exports boomed in the quarter, seemingly thanks to higher
prices for the country’s top export commodities, including copper, cotton, gold and
fuels. Moving to the second quarter, the war in Ukraine is likely increasingly
constraining economic activity. With the Russian economy devastated by
international sanctions, Uzbekistan is set to bear the brunt of reduced trade flows and
shrinking remittances from its key economic partner. Soaring prices and supply chain
disruptions also bode ill for domestic demand. GDP growth is expected to slow this
year, amid a fading base effect and the fallout from the war in Ukraine—Uzbekistan
has strong economic ties to Russia with remittances a major source of private
spending. Nevertheless, business-friendly reforms should encourage investment while
higher global commodity prices bode well for the external sector, thus keeping growth
fairly sturdy. Focus Economics panelists project GDP to grow 4.1% in 2022, which is
down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month’s forecast. For 2023, the
economy is seen growing 5.3%. Focus Economics panelists project GDP to grow
4.1% in 2022, which is down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month's forecast.
For 2023, the economy is seen growing 5.3%.
The relationship between foreign trade export and economic growth of Uzbekistan
20
Figure 3-1
shows the Sectoral GDP growth of Uzbekistan in 2020-2
Data source: Statistical growth of sectoral GDP
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