Siege of Charleston, S. C. Confederate troops used wood saturated with sulfur, burning it to produce a choking smoke

Siege of Charleston, S.C. Confederate troops used wood saturated with sulfur, burning it to produce a choking smoke.

• Siege of Charleston, S.C. Confederate troops used wood saturated with sulfur, burning it to produce a choking smoke.

Gas Masks rushed to the front

• Gas Masks rushed to the front

• Developed from mining technology

• Battlefield tested and developed

Edgewood Arsenal refined DM

• Edgewood Arsenal refined DM

• Major Roger Adams

• Known as “Adamsite gas”

Developed at Edgewood Arsenal by U.S. Army

• Developed at Edgewood Arsenal by U.S. Army

• Not used until the 1980’s.

• All natural, non-synthetic.

• Thought to be less effective than CN

U.S.Chemists Carson and Sloughton develop it.

• U.S.Chemists Carson and Sloughton develop it.

• 1956 patented by British,

• 1961 used by British on Cyprus,

• Presently most used chemical agent by Law Enforcement.

UN bans DM as war gas

• UN bans DM as war gas

• U.S. does not comply with ban

• U.S. still stockpiles DM

U.S. Army developed mask that would filter CS particles at 1-10 microns.

• U.S. Army developed mask that would filter CS particles at 1-10 microns.

• (1 micron = 1/25,000 inch)

Developed by U.S.Army

• Developed by U.S.Army

• Higginbottom and Suchitsky

• Tested and used by British

• Used by U.S. military police

• Hand-held aerosol containers loaded by Federal Labs

Manufactured by General Ordinance (G.O.E.C)

• Manufactured by General Ordinance (G.O.E.C)

• .9-1% CN in a petroleum-based carrying agent.

• Was most used agent in world.

Initiated after the death of LA Times news reporter Reuben Salazar

• Initiated after the death of LA Times news reporter Reuben Salazar

AAI Corp. introduces 12-gauge liquid frangible shell.

• AAI Corp. introduces 12-gauge liquid frangible shell.

• CN & CS

• 1970 37mm shell

• 1985 40mm shell

• 1991 OC ferrets

• Powder payloads

U.S. Army approves CR as riot-control agent

• U.S. Army approves CR as riot-control agent

Aberdeen Proving Grounds tests new mask

• Aberdeen Proving Grounds tests new mask

• Forerunner of MCU-2P (Mickey Two)

Discovered in 1920 Edgewood Arsenal

• Discovered in 1920 Edgewood Arsenal

• Re-discovered and introduced by Lucky Police Products in Florida

• Marketed as “Cap Stun”

Standardized quick change filters to NATO spec

• Standardized quick change filters to NATO spec

• 1st 10,000 to USAF in 1983 by MSI Corp.

• Filters-chemical, biological, radioactive

SDSO Reintroduces Gas Axe

• SDSO Reintroduces Gas Axe

• Lake Erie Chemical Company

OSHA/NIOSH Regulations clarified

• OSHA/NIOSH Regulations clarified

• 29 CFR 1910.128 APR Standards

• Military type masks not approved

Def-Tec reintroduces OC nationwide:

• Def-Tec reintroduces OC nationwide:

• Use is restricted by CA DOJ
• Availability in California to be determined by Environmental Health Services.

Combined M-17 and MCU-2P

• Combined M-17 and MCU-2P

• U.S. Marines issued new mask

• Later issued to all branches of the military

CA DOJ issues provisional use for 180 days:

• CA DOJ issues provisional use for 180 days:

• Extended to 1995
• Two products:
• Def-Tec and Cap-Stun
• Law Enforcement Only

DOJ approves use by citizens

• DOJ approves use by citizens

• As of March 1, 1994 citizens can carry OC with proper training

• DEF-TEC has only legal product in California

Citizen certification program halted

• Citizen certification program halted

• Citizen use restricted to aerosols less than 2.5 oz

• Unrestricted use by law enforcement

SA200 Rifle

• SA200 Rifle

• Multiple versions

• OC powder

Visible

• Visible

• Persistent

• Measured Dose

Fit Testing for gas masks/APRs

• Fit Testing for gas masks/APRs

• Qualitative Testing/Smell Test

• Quantitative Testing/Instrument Rating

Home-made gas ram kills Sgt. Tom Hontz during training exercise in Arizona

• Home-made gas ram kills Sgt. Tom Hontz during training exercise in Arizona

Smoke Grenade

• Smoke Grenade

• Ports Blocked

• Poor Design

FN Herstal introduces FN 303

• FN Herstal introduces FN 303