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seemed

to work.


One

of

the



models

OH

1äY



management of

illness


is

not


fully developed.

Already existing

models are

acknowledged and

suggestions for

adapting


these

given.


As

there


are

a

number of these



models

this


was

a

little



unsatisfactory.

Many


of

the


statements

made

concerninq

lay beliefs gloss

over the


fact

that


Calnan's

work

deals


only with

female respondents.

I

hasten to



add

that this

is

raised


as a

point


of

methodology



and

not sexism.

There is perhaps a

need


to

suggest


that

althouqh


women

are


mainly responsible for health

in

society‚



the models

and evidence omit a comparison with tho views of male

respondents

which


could

be

different.



59

Althouqh

the size


of

the


two

social


class groups are satisfactory

to raise


some

point5‚ it

does

lead


to

some

anomalies in

expression.

At

one point 9 out of 20 respondents



( i . e . 4 5 % )

is

described



a5

'a minority' while 12

out of

30

( i . e .



4 0 % )

is

described



as

'a

larqe



group

of women'!

Neverthe1ess‚

this


book will be

a valuable

source of

information

for


a

wide range of

readers.

The


usefulness

of

a



book to

me

can



be

gauged


by

the


amount of

underlininq and notes scribbled in

margins and borders.

My

copy of



this

book

has


very

few


pristinc

pages.


Colin Rees

South Glamorgan

School

of

Nursing



R.A.

Parker


The elderly

and

residential

care:Australian

lessons


for

Britain


Gower‚

1987. 128

pages


( h b k )

€19.50


In

Britain


the study

of

later life and of



the services designed

to cater


for

older


people

have


tended to

focus upon our own

country.

This


reflects

the


fairly recent

developments

of

social


gercntology as an

area of


academic endeavour in Britain

with


the consequent need to

research


our

own

circumstances

before considering

later


Life

within


other cultural settinqs.

This restricted

focus

of

much of



our

knowledge

about

provision



for

later


life

leads many to



assume

that this

is

the


way

that


later

life is catered

for

elsewhere.



This assumption

is

challenged



by much of

the comparative

research

now being

produced

by

gerontologists and other social scientists.



Parker's

short book

is

a

useful



addition to

this growing

area

of

interest.



He

notes


that Australia has

one of

the hiqhest

rates

of older people in residential



care

in

the



world.

In

Britain approximately



6%

of

the



over

75s

are


resident in

some


form

of

institutional



care:

in

Australia



the proportion is

14%-

Parker


then demonstrates

the high profile of residential

settinqs in the

care


cf

older


Australians

is

accounted for



by

a

massive expansion of private nursinq homes in



response

to

subsidies



to

private and

voluntary institutions over the past

two


decades.

Parker


documents

the qrowth of private nursinq homes in

Australia

and identifies

several

factors


including the

relationship

between state

and


federal

qovornment and reliance



upon

non—government

agencies

for


welfare provision as being

responsible

for

the growth



of

this


sector.

The chapters

documenting the

way


that private

nursinq


homes

qrew


in response

to

several



ad-hoc and seeminqly minor

chanqos


in wultarv

provlsion laws makes fascinating

rcadinq.

60


In

the


last

two


chapters of

the book Parker compares

explicitly

the British and Australien

situations.

He

notes



how

a

seemingly



minor alteration to the supplementary

benefits scheme

in Britain‚ plus

a

virtual



halt

in

local



authority provision‚

combined with

demographic

factors


to stimulate a

massive

increase


in private

residential

care.

As in Australia



policies have

evolved


without

any coherent

planning and no

rigorous evaluation of

the

likely


outcomes.

In

both countries



larqe

sums of

public


money

are


now

expended in

the


private

sector.


This has‚ in

both


settings‚

lead


to

the increased

involvement of

national government in regulating

the

way

that


the private sector operates.

Parker


also

raises


numerous

other


questions about the operation

and development

of private

nursinq homes in both Britain

and Australia.

This is


a

stimulating

book

which


would

be

of



interest

to

students



of

social


geronto1ogy‚ residential care

and


social

policy.


Its

explicitly comparative approach to

a

specific


facet

of

social policy is



to

be

welcomed and



provides

an

indication of



the stimulating scholarship which can ensue

from


this type of study.

Christina

Victor

Department



of

Community

Medicine

St. Mary's Hospital



London

W2.


P.

Miller


and

N.

Rose



The Power

of

Psxchiatrx



Cambridge: Polity

Press‚ 1986,

pp.326+vii. (pbk)

€8.50


The

editors


cf

this


vo1ume‚

Peter


Hiller

and


Nikolas

Rose, adopt

an

approach to



the understanding

of

psychiatry



which is

indebted


to

European rather than

Anqlo-American scholarship in the

sociology

and history

of psychiatry

indebted


above

all to the

work

of Michel



Foucault

and

to

the



1esser—known work

of

Robert



Castel.

Their approach is

set out and developed

in their joint

introduction and

in

the



four

of

the nine



papers

which they

contribute

to the


co11ection‚

Miller's


'Critiques of psychiatry

and critical sociologies

of

madness'


and

his


'Psychotherapy

of

work and unemp1oyment'



and

Rose's


'Psychiatry:

the discipline of

mental

health‘


and ‘Lau, rights

and

psychiatry‘.

According

to Miller

and

Rose

the


Anglo-American tradition has

a

number

of major

deficiencies:

it

has focussed



far too heaviiy

on

the



asylum

as the site

of

psychiatric activity: parallel with



this

it

has



qiven too

much

emphasis


to the

activities

and

power

both


of

the


medical profession

and


of

the


state; it

has


mistakenly committed itself to

the search

for

causai


explanations;

and


it

has


viewed

power as


repressive

and

ignored


its productive

dimensions.

Instead what

is

needed



is

an

approach which



is

broader and

more

creative: which



looks

at

activities outside as well as within the asylum, which concerns



itself with the

deve1opment‚

creation

and


enhancement

of

SUbjeCtiVitY‚



which

looks at the role

played

by

disciplines like



psychology

as well as

medicine‚

and


which

gets


away

from

simple.


monolithic conceptions

of

the



stete

as

the basic



source

of

social



power.

61


The arguments

of

Hiller



and

Rose


are‚

of

course‚ contentious‚ not



least

because


the very

European


t r a d j t i o n

they


espouse has

influenced Anglo-American

writing

about psychiatry ovor the past



quarter century and has,

for


instance‚

ensured that conceptions

of

power


are

by

no



means

always restricted to

the

repressive.



Moreover‚

whilst lt

is

true


that there has been considerable

attention in

recent studies

of

psychiatry



to asylums and

to the


power

of

the stete



and the medical profession,

Miller


and

Rose


assert

rather than

defend

the claim that this emphasis has been



overstated.

They ignore‚

too

a

broad ranqe



of

work which

has

extended


far beyond the confines

of

the asylum.



Peminist

historians

h a v e ‚

for


example‚ paid especial attention to

the


psychiatric work

of

private physicians who



treated

women

at

home

or

in

their consulting



rooms.

Equally the

C a s e

of

jettisoninq



notions

of

causality needs more



arqument

and


defence

to convince

the sceptical reader than it

receives


here.

However

contentious

thouqh

the


arguments

of

Hiller and Rose may



be‚ theoretically

they


are important

and


stimulatinq.

The


portrayal

of Anglo-American writing on psychiatry may

be

over-simple,



if

viewed


as

a characterisation of

the corpus as a

whole


rather than

of

selected



works‚

and the


case

for


accepting

the assumptions on

which

their alternative approach



is

founded


may

not


be

presented

in

an

entirely convincing manner‚ yet



by

delineating this

theoretical

contrast they provide

us

with an


invaluable heuristic device

for


thinking about

and

analysinq writing on psychiatry and

for

selecting issues and



questions for

research


and study.

It

has to



be

seid,


none the

less‚


that

the


empirical analyses Miller and Rose

offer


in

this


volume seem

more


mundane

than their theoretical

c1aims‚

a

ref1ection‚ I



would

suggest‚


of

the fact that their own approach

is

less distinctive



and innovative,

even with the Anqlo-American

wor1d‚

than they suggest„



The

papers


contributed

by

other



authors

to

this



volume

are also


of

considerable

interest: Hilary Allen

on

'Psychiatry



and

the


construction

of

the



feminine’,

Kobena Mercer on 'Racism and

transcultural

psychiatry',

Shulamit

Ramon


on

'The cateqory of

psychopathy‘‚ Pat Carlen on

'Psychiatry in

prisons‘

and

Colin


Gordon

on

'Psychiatry as a



problem

of

democracy'.



Hilary

A11en's


is

especially stimulating.

In

it‚


through

an

examination of



Eeminist

writinq‚


she directly

confronts

the issue

of

the



relation

between sexism



and

psychiatry.

Again the

conclusions she

draws

are controverial but the questions she



explores

are


crucial.

This


i s ‚

therefore‚

an

important and valuable collection of



papers:

it

will



be of

especial interest to

those already familiar

with


a range

of

socioloqical and historical writing



on

psychiatry.

Joan

Busfield


University

of

Essex.



ämgs

Comgetition

t i i i f f t i i i i fi t i fi * i O * i * * i * * * * i * ü * t * * * i i i i i i f ü fi i i f i i i i f f fi fi i f i i i fi

Q

Funding for



research

in

the social



sciences

has


never

'

been



buoyant.

Today,


however, funding bodies not only

control


the

purse


strings but

are


also being

encouraged to establish the parameters of research.

Readers

of

Medical sociology



News

who

have anxieties

about 'dirty money' might

be

interested in



a

rumour


that has

come

to

the



ear

of

the editor.



In

the wake


of

the


unsteadiness in

the


stock market,

the Stock

Exchange

Council


has

decided


to fund

a research project

t

i

*



i

ü

i



t

i

entitled



'Patterns

of

Health and Illness



amongst

the


*

Financial

C1asses'.

*

f



*

*

*



Q

*

Q



k

*

A



research proposal

of

no more than



150 words should

be

sent



to

the editor

by

the end


of

January.


The

printable and the wittiest will appear in the next

issue

of

Medical Sociology



News

and


a

small prize, the

equivalent

of

a few



B.P.

Shares‚ will

be

awarded


to the

*

Q



Q

f

i



1

Q

i



t

*

t



t

*

ü



*

*

*



*

*

winner.



i

*

ü * * * t * k i * i * * * * * fi i * * * t * * i * f i i i f i i Q ü Q * * i fi i * * * * * i * * t i * * * i i * * * l



STOP PRESS

STOP

PRESS


UNIVERSITY

OF

STERLING



social

Work Research

Centre

Research Fellow



Applications are invited from well qualified social science

graduates with experience

of

applied social research for a



Research Fellowship.

Preference will

be

given to candidates



with

a

knowledge of mental health services.



Applications from

staff


of

social


work agencies who can arrange secondment will

be

welcome.



The task

of

the



Centre‚

which is


funded jointly

by

the Economic and social Research Council and the social Work



Services Group

of

the Scottish Education Department,



is

to

conduct research into the effectiveness of



social work.

The


Research Fellow will

be

expected to



assist in the planning

and conduct

of

research studies



which will

examine


the

effectiveness

of

mental health



services.

The

appointments

will be

on the Research Range



1A (9,305

-

214,825).



The

contract


will

be

for



eighteen

months and

may

be

renewable for a



further fixed period.

Informal enquiries



may be

made to Professor Juliet

Cheetham,

Director,

social Hork Research Centre‚ University of

Sterling,

FK9

41a. Telephone



(0786

73171


ext. 2134.

Applications,

including the name

of

two



referees

should


be

sent


to the

University

Secretary‚ University

of

Sterling,



Sterling,

FK9 4LA

from

whom


further details

are available.

Closing date for

applications

Wednesday

14

December 1987.



63

The

followinq

books

have


been received.

to me


by

29

February



for

publication

in

the March issue.



Books for Review

All


reviews

should


be

sent


Plcase

avoid requesting

books

for


review

unless


you

can


meet

the


deadline.

Bennett.


w.r.

et.al.


Dixon‚ A.

Farrant‚


H.

and

Russell


J.

Fenton.


S.

et.a1.


G1endinning‚

C.

and



Millar, J.

Jones,


K.

and


Moon

G.

Kupev.



J.

( e d )


Last,

J.

Melia‚



K.

Mi1ne‚ D.

(ed).

McGuire‚ A.



et.al.

Patterson‚

J.T.

Patmore‚


C.

( e d ) .

Richardson‚ D.

Stanworth‚ M.

( e d ) .

Stockwell‚

J.

and


Clement,

S.

Townsend,



P.

et.


al.

warner‚


R.

wilkin.


D.

et.


al.

Your Good

Health.

How

to Stay well and what

to do Wfien You're

Not.


Harvard.


Dealing

with Drugs.

-

B.B.C.


The

Politics of

Health

Information.



-

London

Institute

of

Education.



Race‚

Health and

Welfare.

-

Department of



Sociology

University

of

Bristol.


Homen

and Povety

in Britain

-

wheatsheaf.



Health‚

Disease


and

Society.


An

Introductlon

to Medlcal

Geography.

-Routledge.

social


Problems

and


Mental

Health


Routledge

Public

Health and



Human

Bcology.


Prentxce


Hall.

Learning and

Working. The Occqpational

Socxalizatlon of

Nurses.

-

Tavistock.



Evaluating Mental Health Practice.

-

Croom



Helm.

The

Economics_of

Health

Care.


An

Introductorx

Text.

-

Routledqe.



The

Dread


Disease.

Cancer


and Modern

Amer1can


Culture.



Harvard.

Living After Mental

Illness.


-

Croom


Helm.

women and

the

Aids


Crisis.

-

Pandora.



Reproductive

Technologies. Gender,

Motherhood and

Medfcine.

Pollty.


Helping the

Problem Drinker.

-

Croom


Helm.

Health


and

Deprivation. Inequality



and

thc


North.

-

Croom



Helm.

Recovery


from

Schizophrenia.

Psychiatry and

Polxtlcal Bconnmy.

Routlodge.



Anatomy

of

Urban



General

Practice.



-

TaVlStOCk.



64

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