Special education of the republic of uzbekistan
un-, dis, non-, in-, il-, im-, ir-
Yüklə 1,2 Mb.
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un-, dis, non-, in-, il-, im-, ir- as negative prefixes, e.g.
unknown ['n'noun] non – final ['nn'faɪnl] unable ['n'eɪbl] inartistic ['ɪna:'tɪstɪk] disappear ['dɪsə'pɪə] illegitimate ['ɪlɪ'ʤɪtɪmɪt] disbelief ['disbɪ'li:f] immaterial ['ɪmə'tɪərɪəl] non – party ['nn'pa:tɪ] irregular ['ɪ'reɡjulə] ex - meaning “former”, e.g. exminister ['eks'mɪnɪstə] expresident ['eks'prezɪdənt] re – [ri:] denoting repetition, e.g. reorganize ['ri:':ɡənaɪz] rewrite ['ri:'raɪt] under - with various meanings, e.g. underdo ['ndə'du:] underfeed ['ndə'fi:d] anti - meaning “contrary to”, “against”, e.g. antiwar ['æntɪ'w:] antiseptic ['æntɪ'septɪk] sub - meaning “subordinate”, “assistant”, e.g. sub-librarian ['sblaɪ'breərɪən] sub-editor ['sb'edɪtə] inter – meaning “among”, “within”, e.g. international ['ɪntə'nænl] interchange ['ɪntə'ʧeɪnʤ] mis – meaning “wrong”, e.g. misinterpret ['mɪsɪn'tə:prɪt] misbehave ['mɪsbɪ'heɪv] vice – meaning “in place of”, e.g. vice-president ['vaɪs'prezɪdənt] vice-admiral ['vaɪs'ædmərəl] over – meaning “too much”, e.g. overexcite ['əuvərɪk'saɪt] overanxious ['əuvər'æŋkəs] pre – meaning “before”, “beforehand”, e.g. prewar ['pri:'w: ] prepaid ['pri:'peɪd] out – meaning “surpass”, “do more than”, e.g. outdo ['aut'du:] outgo ['aut'ɡəu] arch – meaning “chief”, e.g. arch – heretic ['aʧ 'herɪtɪk] archbishop ['a:ʧ 'bɪəp] ultra – meaning “utmost”, e.g. ultracritical ['ltrə'krɪtɪkl] ultramodern ['ltrə'mdn] We have been dealing up to now with the accentual structure of simple and derivative words. Now we shall analyze the accentual structure of compound words. The place of word–stress in English compound nouns principally depends on the semantic factor, that is to say, the element which determines the meaning of the whole compound has a primary stress. Some compound nouns have single stress, others have two stresses. Single stress compound nouns with the nuclear accent on the first element are by far the most common, e.g.
the nuclear accent on the second element, the first being unstressed, e.g. mankind [mæn'kaɪnd] shortcoming [:t'kmɪŋ] the nuclear accent on the first element and the secondary on the second which is pronounced on a low level pitch, e.g. hair - dresser ['heə dresə] the pre–nuclear primary accent on the 1st element and the nuclear one on the 2nd, e.g. ice-cream ['aɪs'kri:m] arm–chair ['a:m'ʧeə] tea-pot ['ti:'pt] Compound adjectives have as a rule, primary stress on each element of the compound, e.g. well – known ['wel'nəun] absent – minded ['æbsənt'maɪndɪd] hard - working ['ha:d 'wə:kɪŋ] light - blue ['laɪt 'blu:] Composite verbs also have two primary stresses, e.g. to get up [tə 'ɡet 'p] to give away [tə 'ɡɪv ə'weɪ] to come in [tə 'km 'ɪn] The numerous variations of English word-stress are systematized in the typology of accentual structure of English words worked out by G.P. Torsuev. He classifies them according to the number of stressed syllables, their degree or character (the main and the secondary stress). The distribution of stressed syllables within the word accentual types forms accentual structures of words. For example, the accentual type of words with two equal stresses may be presented by several accentual structures: 'well–'bred [┴ ┴] 'absent–'minded [┴ ┴ ] 'good-'looking [┴ ┴ ] Accentual types and accentual structures are closely connected with the morphological type of words, with the number of syllables, the semantic value of the root and the prefix of the word. The accentual types are:
[┴] This accentual type marks both simple and compound words. The accentual structures of this type may include two and more syllables. 'father 'possibly 'mother–in–law 'gas – pipe [┴┴] The accentual type is commonly realized in compound words, most of which are with separable prefixes. 'radio – 'active 're'write 'diso'bey [┴┴┴] and IV[┴┴┴┴] The accentual types are met in initial compound abbreviations like 'U 'S 'A V. [┴┬] The type is realized both in simple and compound words, very common among compound words. 'hair - dresser, 'substructure
the prefix and the root: maga 'zine the root and the suffix: hospi 'tality the prefix and the suffix: disorgani 'zation [┴┬┴] The type includes rather a small number of simple words with the separable prefixes: 'misrepre'sent. [┬┬┴] The type is found in a very small number of words usually simple words with the stresses on the prefix, the root and the suffix: individuali 'zation [┴┴┬] The type is met in rare instances of compound words with separable prefixes: 'un'seaworthy [┴┬┬] The type is represented by rare instances of simple and compound words: 'soda-water bottle [┬┴┬] The type is found in rare instances of compound words consisting of 3 components: 'ginger 'beer - bottle Phonetic drills Write the words listed below in groups according to the accentual types indicated in the following table.
advertise, female, multiply, before, enumerate, novel, police, celebrate, company, overvalue, satire, carriage, believe, compliment, parachute, problem, rewrite, paragraph, machine, ballet, programme, unable, recognize, garage, command, specialist, comment, demonstrate, criticize, elect, appreciate, academy, misprint, re – cover, repay, reform, rejoin, redress, recreate, restrain, systematize Write the words listed below in groups according to the general accentual types indicated in the following table.
beefsteak, thirteen, break out, armchair, call up, fair–haired, mix–up, fourteen, blue–eyed, fifteen, put on, sixteen, make up, mankind Read the following sentences as accurately as possible. Carefully pronounce the boldface words in each sentence and mark the stresses. Please record the record. She was completely competent. We project that the project will be good. His hairline began receding recently. The teacher was content with the content of the report. He objects to the objects. I mistrust Mister Smith. She will present you with a present. I suppose supper will be served. Mark the stresses, transcribe and pronounce the following words: to export, the export, to increase, the increase, to accent, the accent, to conduct, the conduct, to insult, the insult, to extract, the extract. Write the words listed below in groups according to the accentual types indicated in the following table (underline the suffixes):
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