Special education of the republic of uzbekistan

'Twenty 'minutes ˏlater | he 'came out of 'Number ˎ7, | `pale, | with his 'lips

↑tightly com`pressed | and an 'odd ex`pression on his ˎface.

'Who was 'that on the ˎphone?

He 'rang 'up him self, | 'wanted to ˎspeak to you.

This 'fountain – pen is ˎhers.
However, personal, possessive, reflexive and relative pronouns, which also belong to the notional parts of speech, are usually not stressed.

The other class of words which are usually not stressed in English unemphatic speech are form-words, i.e. words which express the grammatical relationship of words in the sentence. These are: auxiliary and modal verbs, as well as the verb to be, prepositions, conjunctions, articles and particles, e.g.

She 'felt `hot, | 'took 'off her ˏcoat, | and 'flung it over her ˎarm.

“'Why are you ˎlate?”

“You must be `friends  with him.”
However, it is necessary to point out that any word in a sentence may have logical stress, e.g.
'Where `have you been?

'Where have `you been?

He `is a student.
A word which is made prominent by logical stress may stand at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sense-group, and it is usually the last stressed word in it.

Some form - words are stressed in certain cases:

1. 
   Auxiliary and modal verbs, as well as the link –verb to be, are stressed in the following positions:
   

1. 
   At the beginning of a sentence, that is to say, in general and alternative questions, e.g.
   

'Were you ˏbusy last night?

'D’ you 'like ˏstrong ≀ or `weak tea?

2. 
   When they stand for a notional verb as, for instance, in short answers to general questions, e.g.
   

'Have you ˏseen him? 'Yes, I `have.

'Are you ˏbusy? 'Yes, I `am.

3. 
   In contracted negative forms, e.g.
   

I 'shan’t be in ˎtime. He 'doesn’t ˎknow it.

4. 
   The auxiliary verb to be is stressed when final and preceded by the subject which is unstressed, e.g.
   

I 'don’t 'know where he ˎwas. 'Here we ˏare.

5. 
   The auxiliary verb to do is stressed in emphatic sentences of the following type, e.g.
   

`Do ˏcome.

I `do hate him.

2. Prepositions are usually stressed if they consist of two or more syllables and are followed by an unstressed personal pronoun at the end of a sense-group, e.g.

The 'dog 'ran ˎafter him.

Note: Prepositions consisting of one syllable may be either stressed or unstressed if they are followed by an unstressed personal pronoun at the end of a sense-group. But even when they are unstressed in this position they usually have a full form.

I’ve a 'job ˎ for you.

3. Conjunctions are usually stressed if they stand at the beginning of a sentence and are followed by an unstressed word, e.g.

'When he had 'gone some ˏdistance ≀ she `turned ≀ and 'went 'back to the ˎhouse.

| 'If he `drives, ≀ he may be 'here at ↑any ˎmoment.
4. When a personal pronoun is connected by the conjunction and with a noun they are both stressed, e.g.

Your 'mother and ˏI ≀ will be ˎbusy this morning.

Some words belonging to notional parts of speech are not stressed in certain cases. The most important of them are as follows:

1. 
   When a word is repeated in a sense-group immediately following, the repetition is generally unstressed, because it conveys no new information, e.g.
   

'How many `books have you got?

`Two books.

2. 
   Word-substitutes like one, in good one, black one, and others are usually unstressed, e.g.
   

I 'don’t `like this green fountain–pen. 'Show me a `black one.

'Have you 'ever been to the ˏCaucasus?

I have `never been `near the place.

3. 
   When the word most does not express comparison, but a high degree of a quality and is equivalent to very, extremely, it is not stressed, e.g.
   

He 'listened with the most pro'found atˎtention. 'This is a most 'beautiful ˎpicture.

However, when the word most serves to form the superlative degree of an adjective, it is usually stressed, the adjective being stressed too, e.g.

It is the 'most 'interesting 'book I’ve 'ever ˎread.

4. 
   The pronoun each in each other is always unstressed, while the word other may be stressed or unstressed, e.g.
   

They `like each other.

5. The adverb so in do so, think so – is not stressed, e.g.

I `think so.

6. The adverbs on and forth in the expressions and so on, and so forth are usually not stressed, e.g.
There are some 'branches of `summer sports: | `swimming, | `fishing, | `hunting and ˎso on.

7. The conjunction as in the constructions of the type as well as, as bad as, as much as is

not stressed, e.g.

I was to ̀blame there, Chris, ≀ as 'much as ˎIvory.

8. The word street in the names of streets is never stressed, e.g.
'Oxford Street, 'Regent Street
Note.

1. 
   However, the words road, square, lane, circus, hills, gardens, mountains, park
   

are always stressed in the names of localities, e.g.
'Oxford 'Road, 'Trafalgar 'Square, 'Chancery 'Lane, 'Oxford 'Circus, 'Herne 'Hill, 'Kensington ['kenzɪŋtən] 'Gardens, the 'Ural 'Mountains, 'Hyde 'Park, etc.

2. 
   The words sea and ocean are also stressed in geographical names, e.g.
   

the 'North 'Sea, the 'Black 'Sea, the 'Baltic 'Sea, the At'lantic 'Ocean, the Pa'cific 'Ocean, etc.