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Ko’p o’lchamli massivlar va ular ustida amallar.
Bir o’lchamli massivlarning hadlari skalyar miqdorlar bo’lgan edi. Umumiy holda esa, massiv hadlari o’z navbatida yana massivlar bo’lishi mumkin, agar bu massivlar skalyar miqdorlar bo’lsa, natijada ikki o’lchamli massivlarni hosil qilamiz. Ikki o’lchamli massivlarga misol sifatida matematika kursidagi matrisalarni keltirish mumkin. Agar bir o’lchamli massivning hadlari o’z navbatida matrisalar bo’lsa natijada uch o’lchovli massivlar hosil qilinadi va h.k.
Ikki o’lchamli massiv tipini ko’rsatish quyidagicha bajariladi:
array [] of array [] of ;
Ikki o’lchamli massivlarning tiplarini bir necha xil yo’lda aniqlashni quyidagi misol ustida ko’rib chiqaylik (A matrisa 10 ta satr va 20 ta ustundan iborat bo’lib, uning xadlari haqiyqiy tipga tegishli bo’lsin):
1. var
A: array [1..10] of array [1..20] of real;
2. type matr = array [1..10] of array [1..20] of real;
var
A: matr;
3. type gran1 = 1..10; gran2 = 1..20;
matr = array [gran1, gran2] of real;
var A: matr;
4. var A: array [1..10, 1..20] of real;
YAna shuni ham aytish mumkinki, ikki o’lchamli massiv indekslarining tiplari turli xil ham bo’lishi mumkin. Bu holni quyidagi misol ustida ko’rib chiqaylik:
Program L1;
const n = 24;
type hafcun = (dush, sesh, chor, pay, jum, shan, yaksh);
Ishkun = dush..jum;
detson = array [1..n] of char;
var A: array [boolean] of array [1..n] of char;
B: detson;
S: array [1..365] of detson;
Ikki o’lchamli massivlar ustidagi bir nechta tugallangan programmalar bilan tanishib chiqaylik.
1. Matrisalarni qo’shish.
Program L2;
const n = 3; m = 4;
{ n - matrisa satrlari soni,
m - ustunlar soni}
var i, j: integer;
A, B, C: array [1..n,1..m] of real;
begin {A, V matrisa hadlarini kiritish}
for i : = 1 to n do
for j: =1 to m do
readln (A[i,j], B[i,j]);
for i : = 1 to n do
for j: = 1 to m do
begin
C[i,j] := A[i,j] + B[i,j];
writeln (C[i,j])
end
end.
2. Matrisani vektorga ko’paytirish.
Program L3;
const n =3; m = 4;
type matr = array [1..n, 1..m] of real;
vect = array [1..m] of real;
var i, j: byte;
A: matr;
B, C: vect;
begin
writeln (‘A matrisa hadlarini kiriting’);
for i:=1 to n do
for j:=1 to m do
readln (A[i,j]);
writeln (‘B vektor hadlarini kiriting’);
for i:=1 to n do readln (B[i]);
for i:=1 to n do
begin
C[i]:=0;
for j:=1 to m do
C[i]:= C[i] + A[i,j] * B[j];
writeln (C[i]);
end
end.