Task Vocabulary Ex Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle Across

Task 2. Reading
Read this article from the Financial Times and answer the questions.
“CHINESE SHOPPERS FOCUS MORE ON PRICES”
by Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai

Chinese consumers are becoming more price-conscious, less brand -loyal and generally harder to please, according to a McKinsey survey that suggests competitive pressures are increasing in the Chinese consumer goods market.

The report comes at a time when many multinational companies are counting on strong Chinese domestic demand to make up for global economic weakness.
China grew by 23 per cent year-on-year. and consumer activity remains 'buoyant', despite signs of a slowdown in sales of some items such as cars, says Jing Ulrich of J P Morgan Securities. But consumer-goods companies will have to work harder to satisfy ' increasingly sophisticated' Chinese consumers, the report
says. 'This is not an easy market,' says Max Magni of McKinsey in Shanghai, one of the authors. 'China is still a gold mine, but now there are thousands and thousands of miners that have discovered it.'
The conventional wisdom that Chinese consumers are more brand-driven than shoppers in more developed markets remains true. 'But the importance
of brands, and brand loyalty specifically, is falling as the choices facing consumers multiply, ' the report said. Chinese shoppers are markedly more value conscious than last year, and loyalty to particular brands is declining: the proportion of consumers who said they would continue to buy their existing food and beverage brand has halved.
But the weakening of brand loyalty could be good news for foreign companies, the report so says, because shoppers are less nationalistic in choosing a brand: a small majority of those surveyed showed no clear preference for brand origin. And premium brands could also benefit from a willingness to pay more for high-end products. The top 15 per cent of consumers will pay 60 per cent more for high-end consumer electronics and 300 per cent more for some personal care products.
If the trend continues, 'it will lead to the kind of polarized consumption patterns familiar in the West', between ' no-frills' goods and high-end products, the
report says. Companies should compete at one or both ends of the market but avoid being stuck in the middle, it advises. Companies needed to differentiate more
between regions too, the report says, noting that the traditional marketing strategy of classifying consumers by the size of the city they live in may no longer work.


Ex 1. Read paragraphs 1 and 2 and decide if these statements are true or false.
a) Competition in the Chinese consumer-goods market is weakening.
b) Multinationals are relying on sales in China to make up for lower sales elsewhere.
c) Sales of consumer goods in China are increasing for all types of product.
d) Max Magni compares China to a gold mine.
e) He says that sellers of consumer goods in China will find it easier to make money in the future.


Ex 2. Find expressions from paragraphs 3 and 4 that mean the following.
a) generally accepted ideas
b) influenced by brands
c) when someone buys the same brand each time
d) aware of value for money
e) putting one's country first
f) the most expensive and prestigious
g) top-of-the-range