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The following outcomes are all possible for children, through a taught
programme of O&AA following the Physical Education Curriculum (Government of
Ireland, 1999b) and Teacher Guidelines (Government of Ireland, 1999c), supplemented
by the resource materials for teaching physical education (Primary Schools' Sports
Initiative, 2006):
Use simple plans and diagrams of their environment, use simple maps,
use maps and recognise signs and symbols, use maps of known and
unknown environments.
Respond to a set challenge.
Work co-operatively with others.
Discuss how to follow trails and solve problems.
Comment how they went about tasks.
Use ideas they have learned from one task to help them solve another.
Recognise other possible approaches.
Develop trust.
Give opportunities to develop leadership skills.
Learn through fun activities.
According to Martin (2000), ‘the primary focus of OAA is to teach problem
solving skills to focus on process, to learn to co-operate and to learn from group
mistakes while participating’ (p. 188). There is limited exposure to danger in the
O&AA primary curriculum content, however the challenging nature of the activities
must be acknowledged. Therefore, the teachers must ensure they have planned and
organised all activities thoroughly paying particular attention to any possible risks that
may present themselves. Teachers also need to appreciate that in O&AA the learning
processes are ‘essentially practical, enquiry based, and pupil orientated and that there is
always potential for personal and social development’ (Hopper, Grey & Maude, 2000,
p. 78).
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