Termez state university faculty of foreign philology department of english language and literature

The role of TPR in teaching vocabulary

Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical activity. Developed by James Asher, a professor of psychology at San Jose State University, California, it draws on several traditions, including developmental psychology, learning the­ory, and humanistic pedagogy, as well as on language teaching proce­dures proposed by Harold and Dorothy Palmer in 1925. Let us briefly consider these precedents to Total Physical Response¹³. Total Physical Response is linked to the "trace theory " of memory in psychology, which holds that the more often or the more intensively a memory connection is traced, the stronger the memory association will be and the more likely it will be recalled. Retracing can be done verbally and/or in association with motor activity. Combined tracing activities, such as verbal rehearsal accompanied by motor activity, hence increase the probability of suc­cessful recall. In a developmental sense, Asher sees successful adult second language learning as a parallel process to child first language acquisition. He claims that speech directed to young children consists primarily of commands, which children respond to physically before they begin to produce verbal responses. Asher feels adults should recapitulate the processes by which children acquire their mother tongue. Asher shares with the school of humanistic psychology a concern for the role of affective factors in language learning. A method that is undemanding in terms of linguistic production and that involves game like movements reduces learner stress, he believes, and creates a positive mood in the learner, which facilitates learning. Asher's emphasis on developing comprehension skills before the learner is taught to speak links him to a movement in foreign language teaching sometimes referred to as the Comprehension Approach. This refers to several different comprehension-based language teaching proposals, which share the belief that comprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language; the teaching of speaking should be delayed until comprehension skills are established; skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills; teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form; and teaching should minimize learner stress. The emphasis on comprehension and the use of physical actions to teach a foreign language at an introductory level has a long tradition in language teaching. English is used either verbally or in written form in many practices Atikah. English is incredibly necessary within the current era of globalization, as a result of English is a global language utilized by all countries to speak. Several translator square measure learning varied languages to become their current job. Since many people still are not able to communicate in English. With this, the researcher need to alter the propensity of understudies, to form they can utilize English as well. There is teaching some fun methodology to build their vocabularies well and make them perceive what the means of words. Teaching is utilized to transfer information from teachers that square measure designed used methodology, some material and technique to enhance students’ ability. Teaching is showing or serving to somebody to do one something, giving instruction, guiding throughout this study of something, providing with the data inflicting. Vocabulary is the learning of fundamental language, whether the vocabulary is the first, the second, or the foreign language. Vocabulary is incredibly important to find out four skills in English, there are listening, speaking, reading and writing. Without language¹⁴ structure exceptionally small can be passed on, without vocabulary nothing can be passed on. Vocabulary exceptionally is a critical part in communication with individuals within the world. Without vocabularies, understudies ought to know more approximately vocabulary to begin with, they are will effectively to get it around in few writings or indeed they can talk or tuning in a few discussions. Vocabulary really important thing of language skill basic to increase learner’s listens, speak, read and write. Furthermore, vocabulary may be a set of words known to an individual or other eternity, or that are parts of a particular language. And the others said that the basic of language is vocabulary. Which is verb, adverb, adjective, and noun is the type of vocabulary that able to make a language important. It implies that vocabulary is exceptionally imperative to master the four abilities of English. Without vocabulary, students cannot master any English abilities. In Indonesia, understudies favour other subjects to learn. Since they believe that learning English exceptionally troublesome. The role of teacher is important to increase students’ confidents and make them want to learn English more. Furthermore, vocabulary may be a set of words known to an individual or other eternity, or that are parts of a particular language . And the others said that the basic of language is vocabulary. Which is verb, adverb, adjective, and noun is the type of vocabulary that able to make a language important. It implies that vocabulary is exceptionally imperative to master the four abilities of English. Without vocabulary, students cannot master any English abilities. In Indonesia, understudies favour other subjects to learn. Since they believe that learning English exceptionally troublesome. The role of teacher is important to increase students’ confidents and make them want to learn English more. Students ought to learn English wit fun methodology, since students are effectively to induce bored when they are leaning. Many students will interested with method that can make them happy, like doing a body movement, speak loudly about something while they are move or demonstrate something. It makes students more certain and simple to keep in mind unused words since they are learn it with movement, talks moreover listened at the same time. With this, the researcher took Total Physical Response (TPR) as a method. James Asher is found Total Physical Response as a classroom research for communicated of youthful learners with the ¹⁵teacher and their friends. He is a San Jose University’s pf physiology. It is how teacher is instructing the students should response the instruction. Either in movement, orally, or heard.
TPR maybe a method of instructing language utilizing physical development to respond to verbal input in arrange to decrease students’ restraints and lower their effective filter. The other expert is implying that Total Physical Response is a language teaching centered around speech and action coordination’ its attempts by physical motor movement against each language. This methodology does not require much preparation if teachers choose to teach a variety of student materials and this methodology is very useful for teens and youthful learners. Researcher using this method to improves student vocabulary mastery. This research is about understanding the Total Physical Response will or will not increase student vocabulary. Researcher used descriptive qualitative as a research method. The researcher utilize this inquire about method is for displaying understudies enhancement to their vocabulary dominance. Qualitative research has a common setting as the coordinate source of information and the researcher is the key of instrument. In research instruments, researchers use interview to retrieve data on students. The interview is strategy a gather of procedures particular to the uncommon and human science. Researcher will examine how students’ opinions about vocabulary learning use TPR methodology and take 9 opinions contained within the class to be referred to whether students like the learning method or not. Through this interview too, can help improve the quality of learning expected of students within the course. A population is a gather of component or cases, whether people, object, or evens that acclimate to particular criteria and to which we aiming to generalize the result of the research. Population is the group of interest to the researcher, the group to whom the researcher would like to generalize the results of the research. With the population taken as an example of research are 8th grade students totalling 35 students. The sample can be chosen from a bigger gather or people, recognized as the populace or it can basically allude to the bunch or subjects from whom information are collected indeed in spite of the fact that the subjects are chosen for population. Sample of this research is 8th review understudies who sum ¹⁶up to 35 understudies to discover out whether learning vocabulary with a TPR methodology can make understudies way better get it or not. There are some significant differences when researchers observe students in class. Understudies tend to be confused and not confident when researcher asks about some vocabulary to students. They lean toward to be silence and fear of mentioning the vocabulary itself. However, after researcher teaches vocabulary using Total Physical Response (TPR) method, students experienced an increase in learning vocabulary. Students who used to tend to be quiet and afraid to express their opinions, are presently more confident and do not feel pressured anymore. That way, (TPR) method is very helpful for students in learning vocabulary. Students be more active, easily to memorize and say many vocabulary with confidence. In this article, teaching vocabulary trough Total Physical Response at eight grade students can offer assistance understudies learn easily, students tend to be more active when learning and can master new vocabularies. The result of this inquire about can be seen in table 2. With a good value as a result of their final test, indicates they understand their can understand what they learn from the method.

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