The birth of modern American dance occurred in the first years of the twentieth

Questions 23-26 
 
Complete the sentences below. 
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. 
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet. 
 
23 The French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne showed that 
if a smile is fake, the skin around a person’s
……………… does not change shape. 
24 A ……………… that was produced in ancient Rome 
contains early examples of attempts to be funny. 
25 In January 1962, an outbreak of mass laughter caused 
problems in a ……………… in Tanzania. 
26 Neurologist Nikki Sokolov is investigating why 
……………… is possible even when a person finds 
something funny.
List of People 
A Dr Peter Shrimpton 
B Jocelyn Barnes 
C Heinrich Ahrends 
D David Mackenzie 
E Jake Gottlieb
Exam Practice Test 3
16
IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav

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Socially Responsible Businesses 
Increasingly, businesses are working to improve their communities, says analyst Pierre Drucker. 
 
 
Many economies today are witnessing the rise of socially responsible businesses, or 
SRBs. These are profit-making companies which have the additional goal of improving 
society in some way. Business commentators usually describe SRBs as a 
fundamentally 21
st
-century phenomenon. However, this common generalization 
overlooks the significant contribution of Muhammad Yunus, among a number of other 
entrepreneurs. Yunus established a highly successful bank in Bangladesh in the 1980s 
lending money to small village business projects that could not attract conventional 
loans. 
There are also those such as CEO Dan Rathbourne who dismiss SRBs as a 
passing fad which have had little impact on the real world of business. This cynical 
view is disproved by the evidence: in the UK alone, there are an estimated 80,000 
SRBs, turning over £25 billion a year. What is more, research by the Quorate Group 
based on interviews with over 5,000 respondents in twelve nations found that not only 
were consumers prepared to support SRBs but that employees preferred to work for 
them. 
Ten years ago Christine Dubois used her experience in corporate finance to 
establish the Concern Consultancy, which coordinates advice and funding for SRB 
start-ups. As professional investors increasingly recognise the potential of SRBs, the 
number of niche firms such as Dubois’s will almost inevitably multiply. Professor of 
business studies Joel Drew claims that this is partly a consequence of the digital 
revolution. In his persuasive analysis, digital networks have allowed consumers to 
identify socially responsible products and services in ways never possible before. 
So what are some examples of SRBs? Many that have come to my attention 
recently are small-scale local companies, such as Renew, which searches demolition 
sites for old materials – wooden floorboards and other construction timber, for 
example. Rather than allow these resources to be wasted, the team at Renew have 
fashioned them into a range of tables, chairs and similar items that are sold at relatively 
low cost. Other SRBs have rather different goals. The first Indulge cafè was established 
by owner Derek Jardine in an area with few local amenities. The idea for the cafè was 
to provide a meeting place for local residents – community hub – not only by serving 
food and drink but also by running workshops, film evenings and art exhibitions. There 
are now six Indulge cafès around the country with more planned. Of course, large 
corporations may not be in a position to change their products or services quickly. But 
one international telecommunications corporation, for example, enables its employees 
to take part in the Green Scheme, whereby staff give short periods of their time unpaid 
plant trees in conservation areas, and numerous other large companies have similar 
initiatives. 
Another small SRB that caught my eye is Bright Sparks, where engineer 
Johann Jensen is investigating the use of things such as bamboo and soya beans to
make coffee capsules and takeaway cups that will break down and decay naturally. In 
the longer term, Jensen hopes to work on other kinds of packaging for the food and 
hospitality industries. Meanwhile, Greener Good is now in its second decade of 
running a farm-to-table vegetable and fruit delivery box service to inner city residents. 
Recent years have seen a significant increase in demand for this type of direct service, 
bypassing traditional retailers. 
The increase in the number of such SRBs is associated with the rise of 
‘conscious consumers’, who want to know exactly how products they buy have been 
produced. What was the environmental impact? Were workers treated ethically? So the 
arguments is sometimes put forward that SRBs are a response to new consumer values. 
But equally, many SRBs that I have studied were established by entrepreneurs who 
wanted to make a difference and have taken consumers along with them. In reality, 
both sides of the relationship have contributed to the fresh approach. 
Consumers, of course, are not always members of the public. Recently I spoke to 
Lucinda Mitchell, procurement officer for my local council here in London, who told 
me that her organisation frequently purchases from SRBs because of shared values. 
Local, state and national authorities huge purchasing power for both goods and 
services. And Mitchell’s position is becoming commonplace internationally as these 
bodies are increasingly prepared to work with SRBs, provided they are competitive on 
price and quality. 
In terms of goals, there are numerous types of social benefits that SRBs can 
hope to achieve. Many concern employment, whether creating opportunities in 
deprived areas, promoting gender equality in employment or providing jobs for 
disabled people. Others focus on fair and ethical treatment of employees and trading