The cardiovascular system is transport system of body

The cardiovascular system is transport system of body

• The cardiovascular system is transport system of body

• It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.

• The system supplies nutrients to and remove waste products from various tissue of body.

• The conveying media is liquid in form of blood which flows in close tubular system.

Transport nutrients, hormones

• Transport nutrients, hormones

• Remove waste products

• Gaseous exchange

• Immunity

• Blood vessels transport blood

• Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Also carries nutrients and wastes

• Heart pumps blood through blood vessels

• BLOOD

• HEART

• BLOOD VESSELS

• The Blood: Blood cells & Plasma

• Blood cells

• 1- Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells

• 2- Leucocytes

• 3- Thrombocytes

• Plasma is fluid portion

Heart is a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist

• Heart is a four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of your fist

• Location:

• Superior surface of diaphragm
• Left of the midline
• Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum

Generating blood pressure

• Generating blood pressure

• Routing blood

• Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
• circulations

• Ensuring one-way blood flow

• Heart valves ensure one-way flow

• Regulating blood supply

• Changes in contraction rate and force match
• blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

• Blood Vessels -A closed network of tubes

• These includes:

• Arteries

• Capillaries

• Veins

-Arteries(Distributing channel)

• -Arteries(Distributing channel)
• Thick walled tubes
• Elastic Fibers
• Circular Smooth Muscle
• Capillaries (microscopic vessels)
• One cell thick
• Serves the Respiratory System
• Veins (draining channel)

General structure

• General structure

• 1.Tunica intima

• 2.Tunica media

• 3.Tunica adventitia

• Conducting Vessels

• Distributing Vessels

• Resistance Vessels

• Exchange Vessels

• Capacitance / Reservoir Vessels

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries.

• Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries.

• They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood).

• Accompanied by vein and nerves

• Lumen is small

• No valves

• Repeated branching

Elastic- e.g. (Aorta & its Major branches)

• Elastic- e.g. (Aorta & its Major branches)

• Muscular -e.g.(Renal, Testicular, Radial, Tibial etc.)

• Arterioles (<0.1 mm)-

• Terminal arterioles

• Meta-arterioles

• Thoroughfare

• channel/ preferred

The smallest blood vessels are capillaries and they connect the arteries and veins.

• The smallest blood vessels are capillaries and they connect the arteries and veins.

• This is where the exchange of nutrients and gases occurs.

• BODY CONTAINS TWO KINDS OF CAPILLARIES

• CONTINUOUS-SKIN, LUNG, SMMOTH MUSCLE, CONNECTIVE TISSUES

• FENESTRATED- PANCREAS,ENDOCRINE GLANDS, SMALL INTESTINE,CHOROID PLEXUS,CILLIARY PROCESS etc.

• SINUSOIDS- Large irregular vascular space (30-40 micron) eg.Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow, suprarenal, Parathyroid etc.

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called veins.

• Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called veins.

• They have one-way valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards.

• They carry blood that is high in carbon dioxide known as deoxygenated blood (oxygen poor blood).

Thin Walled

• Thin Walled

• Large irregular lumen

• Have valves

• Dead space around

• Types:

• Large

• Medium

• Small

Veins without valves:

• Veins without valves:

• SVC & IVC

• Hepatic, Renal

• Uterine, Ovarian not Testicular

• Facial

• Pulmonary

• Umbilical

• Emissary

• Portal Veins <2mm

Veins without Muscular tissue:

• Veins without Muscular tissue:

• Dural venous sinuses

• Pial Veins

• Retinal

• Veins of erectile tissue of sex organs

• Veins of spongy bones

Factors responsible for venous return:

• Factors responsible for venous return:

• Muscle contraction

• Negative intrathoracic pressure

• Pulsation of arteries

• Gravity

• Valves

Communication between vessels

• Communication between vessels

• ARTERIAL:

• Actual( end to end & convergent)-Palmar, plantar, Circle of Willis, Labial Intestinal arcade, etc.

• Potential-Coronary, around joints etc.

ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSIS:

• ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSIS:

• Skin of nose

• Lips

• External Ear

• Mucus membrane of GI & nose

• Erectile tissue of sex organ

• Thyroid

• Tongue

END ARTERIES:

• END ARTERIES:

• Central artery of retina

• Arteries of spleen, liver, kidneys, metaphyses of long bones

• Central branches of cerebral cortex

Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood within the heart.

• Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood within the heart.
• Pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.
• Systemic circulation – the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.
• Fetal Circulation

Pulmonary circulation

• Pulmonary circulation
• The flow of blood between the heart and lungs.
• Systemic circulation The flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.

• Portal circulation - the flow of blood between tow set of capillaries before draining in systemic veins.

Diseases and Disorders

• Diseases and Disorders

• BLOOD PRESSURE
• HAEMORRHAGE/STROKE
• ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
• ANEURYSM
• CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
• HEART ATTACK
• CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
• ANEMIA, HEMOPHILIA, AND LEUKEMIA

Problems with the cardiovascular system are common, but they don’t just affect older people.

• Problems with the cardiovascular system are common, but they don’t just affect older people.

• Many heart problems affect children and teenagers.

1-All of the following are the example of elastic arteries except:

• 1-All of the following are the example of elastic arteries except:

• Aorta

• Common carotid artery

• Subclavian artery

• Radial artery

2-All of the following are the example of end arteries except:

• 2-All of the following are the example of end arteries except:

• Central branches of cerebral arteries

• Central artery of retina

• Facial artery

• Splenic artery

3-Arteriovenous anastomosis are found at all of the following sites except:

• 3-Arteriovenous anastomosis are found at all of the following sites except:

• Skin of lips

• Erectile tissue of penis

• Thyroid gland

• Liver

4-All of the following are the example of portal circulation except:

• 4-All of the following are the example of portal circulation except:

• Hepatic circulation

• Renal circulation

• Circulation of hypophysis cerebri

• Pulmonary circulation

5-All of the following are features of veins except:

• 5-All of the following are features of veins except:

• Thin walls

• Thin tunica media

• Thin tunica adventia

• Wide lumen

1- General Anatomy by Vishram Singh

• 1- General Anatomy by Vishram Singh

• 2- Clinical Anatomy by R. Snell

• 3-Gray’s Anatomy