The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs


Carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total caloric content of the diet. Carbohydrates should be complex and high in fibre



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Carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total caloric content of the diet. Carbohydrates should be complex and high in fibre.

  • Excessive salt intake is to be avoided. It should be particularly restricted in people with hypertension and those with nephropathy.



  • Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels.

    • Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels.

    • Together with dietary treatment, a programme of regular physical activity and exercise should be considered for each person. Such a programme must be tailored to the individual’s health status and fitness.

    • People should, however, be educated about the potential risk of hypoglycaemia and how to avoid it.



    There are currently four classes of oral anti-diabetic agents:

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