The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs

Carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total caloric content of the diet. Carbohydrates should be complex and high in fibre.

Excessive salt intake is to be avoided. It should be particularly restricted in people with hypertension and those with nephropathy.

Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels.

• Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels.

• Together with dietary treatment, a programme of regular physical activity and exercise should be considered for each person. Such a programme must be tailored to the individual’s health status and fitness.

• People should, however, be educated about the potential risk of hypoglycaemia and how to avoid it.

There are currently four classes of oral anti-diabetic agents:

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