The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs

There are currently four classes of oral anti-diabetic agents:

i. Biguanides

ii. Insulin Secretagogues – Sulphonylureas

iii. Insulin Secretagogues – Non-sulphonylureas

iv. α-glucosidase inhibitors

v. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

• If glycaemic control is not achieved (HbA1c > 6.5% and/or; FPG > 7.0 mmol/L or; RPG >11.0mmol/L) with lifestyle modification within 1 –3 months, ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC AGENT should be initiated.

• In the presence of marked hyperglycaemia in newly diagnosed symptomatic type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 8%, FPG > 11.1 mmol/L, or RPG > 14 mmol/L), oral anti-diabetic agents can be considered at the outset together with lifestyle modification.

As first line therapy:

• As first line therapy:

• Obese type 2 patients, consider use of metformin, acarbose or TZD.

•