The methods for learning polysemantic words in russian

 
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
From ambiguous words, i.e. words that 
in different contexts have different meanings, it 
is customary to delimit homonyms. Homonyms 
are words that sound the same, are identical in 
form, but meanings that are in no way related 
to each other, i.e. do not contain any common 
elements of meaning, no common semantic 
features. Homonyms are separate independent 
words, double words. For example, a meter is 
100 centimetres, a meter is a poetic dimension, 
and a meter is a mentor. 
You should also strictly distinguish 
homonyms from omophores, homophones, 

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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No:
 
2581 - 4230 
VOLUME 7, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2021
109 | 
P a g e
homographs and paronyms [7,8]. Homonyms 
coincide with each other both in sound and in 
writing in all (or in a number) of their inherent 
grammatical forms. Homonyms, therefore, 
represent words of the same grammatical class. 
If such words coincide in all grammatical 
forms, then these are complete homonyms (to 
force - to force something to be done and to 
force - to block it, a fist is a hand with clenched 
fingers and a fist is a rich peasant owner). If 
such words coincide only in several 
grammatical forms, then these are incomplete 
homonyms (a bow is a garden plant and a bow 
is a weapon for throwing arrows; the first word 
does not have a plural) [9-11]. Omoforms are 
called, in contrast to homonyms, words of both 
the same and different grammatical classes, 
which coincide in sound only in separate forms 
(a verse is from a poem and a verse from 
subsiding). Homonyms and homoforms are 
also adjoined by homophones, which are words 
and forms of different meanings, which are 
pronounced the same but written differently. 
Homographs are words and forms, different in 
meaning, but equally depicted in writing. In 
pronunciation, homographs do not coincide 
with each other [12-14]. 
If we compare different meanings - 
those that are recognized as the meanings of 
one word, and those that are considered the 
meanings of homonymous words, we will find a 
significant difference between the relationship 
of the corresponding objects and phenomena. 
For example, a sound complex solution can 
have the following meanings noted in 
dictionaries: 
1. The angle formed by the parted ends of a tool 
(scissor blades, compass legs, etc.) 
A hole formed when a double-leaf window, 
door, gate, etc. is opened. 
2. A liquid resulting from the dissolution of a 
solid, liquid or gaseous substance in a liquid 
substance. 
3. In the construction business: a viscous, pasty 
mixture obtained from mixing cement or other 
binders with water. 
It is easy to see that while there is a 
definite connection between the first two 
meanings, as well as the next two, there is 
nothing in common between the two. These 
meanings 
are 
given 
in 
dictionaries, 
respectively, as meanings of the same word and 
as meanings of homonymous words. From the 
point of view of their morphological structure, 
homonyms are divided into roots and 
derivatives. Lexical homonyms as units of the 
vocabulary system of the language should be 
distinguished from the sound coincidences of 
speech segments. Homonymic speech segments 
are phonetic units that arise as identically 
sounding complexes in speech and do not exist 
in the form of reproducible and integral 
formations 
[11-13]. 
The 
problem 
of 
differentiating homonymy and polysemy can 
arise when homonyms appear as a result of the 
semantic splitting of a polysemantic word. At 
the same time, completely different words are 
formed based on different meanings of one 
word. Their previous semantic connections are 
lost, and only an etymological analysis makes it 
possible to establish a once common semantic 
feature, testifying to their single historical root. 
However, the divergence of the meanings of a 
polysemantic word occurs very slowly, and 
therefore the appearance of homonyms is not 
always recognized as a completed process. 
Transitional cases are possible, which can be 
interpreted in different ways. Modern science 
has developed criteria for distinguishing 
homonymy and ambiguity, helping to separate 
the meanings of the same word and homonyms 
that arose as a result of a complete rupture of 
polysemy.
1. A lexical way of differentiating ambiguity and 
homonymy is proposed, which consists in 
identifying synonymous relationships between 
homonyms and polysemantic. If the consonant 

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