The ministry of higher and secondary special education of uzbekistan

George Gordon Lord Byron
Lord Byron (1788–1824), born on January 22, 1788, was the son of Captain John “Mad Jack” Byron and his second wife, Lady Catherine Gordon, heiress of Gight, Aberdeenshire. He was christened as George Gordon after his grandfather, a descendant of James I. When his grandfather committed suicide in 1779, Gordon's mother sold her land and title to pay for her father's debts. Soon John Byron married Catherine for her money. The two separated before their son was born. Lord Byron received his education at Harrow and then at Cambridge where he became fascinated with history, fiction and extravagant life. Byron was born lame. This deformity, known as club-foot, left him self-conscious most of his life. During his university time, he found diversion in boxing, horse riding and gambling. In 1807, Byron's first collection of sentimental poems, Hours of Idleness (1807), was published. After receiving a critical review Byron retaliated with the satirical poem English Bards and Scotch Reviewers (1809). The witty and satirical poem attacked the literary community and gained Byron his first literary recognition. In the meantime his great uncle died, and the young man inherited the title (Baron Byron of Rochdale), some money and the Byron’s ancestral home, Newstead Abbey. Byron took his seat at the House of Lords and soon engaged the hatred of the Conservative Party for his outspoken political views. After graduation Byron had a grand tour through the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Turkey, Albania) and began writing Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–1818), a poem of a young man’s reflections on travel in foreign lands. In the 13th and 14th centuries, child appears to have been a term applied to a young noble awaiting knighthood.
Byron uses it to mean a youth of gentle birth. In 1812, upon his return Byron published the first two cantos of Child Harold. One of the principal divisions of a long poem, cantos (Italian: “songs”) are usually reserved for epic poems. But the term “canto” wasn’t around for Homer and Virgil. It was popularized by Italian poet Dante Alighieri who used them to divide his Divine Comedy. Edmund Spenser was the first person to use the word in English to divide his The Faerie Queene. The poem met with instant success and established Byron as one of England’s leading Romantic poets. He was just twenty four years old when he “awoke one day to find himself famous”. The pilgrim, called Childe Harold, became the prototype for the moody, handsome character type, who would eventually be labeled “the Byronic hero”. Content Byron then became the most popular person in Regency London. Gossip regarding his private life added to the aura of intrigue surrounding the remarkably handsome man, and his success with women became legendary. A rumour began to circulate that Byron was involved with Lady Caroline, the wife of future Prime Minister, William Lamb. Besides, Byron’s incestuous relationship with his half-sister Augusta Leigh led to the birth of a child. It outraged society. In September 1814, seeking to harsh up scandal, Byron proposed to Annabella Milbanke, cousin of Lady Caroline. They married in January 1815, and in December of that year, their daughter Augusta Ada was born. Later she became better known as Ada Lovelace. Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (1815–1852), born Augusta Ada Byron and now commonly known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer. The marriage was an unhappy one. Anabella left Byron and took Ada with her. They were legally separated.
Byron became a social outcast. He left England never to return. Byron traveled with his personal physician John William Polidori. In Switzerland they made friends with Percy Bysshe Shelley and his soon-to-be wife, Mary Godwin. The Shelleys were accompanied by Mary's step-sister, Claire Clairmont, with whom Byron had a daughter, Allegra. Meanwhile Byron wrote the third canto of Childe Harold and started Manfred (1817). He wrote this “metaphysical drama”, after his marriage failed in scandal and he was ostracised by London society. Some critics consider Manfred to be autobiographical, or even confessional, because the main character is also tortured by the sense of guilt for an unmentionable offence. In 1816 Byron moved to Italy where he wrote the fourth canto of Childe Harold. In Italy Byron met 19-year-old Teresa Guiccioli, a married countess, with whom he settled down into a relatively long relationship. Byron soon won the admiration of Teresa’s father, who had him initiated into the secret Carbonari society dedicated to freeing Italy from Austrian rule. Between 1818 and 1820, Byron wrote the five cantos of Don Juan (1821). The poem was very different from the melancholic Childe Harold. Don Juan is a picaresque verse satire with many autobiographical references. The hero’s travels, adventures, love affairs are very close reflections of what Byron did, felt and thought. Byron wrote 16 cantos of Don Juan before his death and left the poem unfinished. Many critics consider this poem to be his masterpiece. Content The word picaresque (Spanish: “picaresca, “from “pícaro,” for “rogue” or “rascal”) is used to describe a literary work that depicts, in realistic and often humorous detail, the adventures of a roguish hero who lives by his wits in a corrupt society. This style originated in sixteenth-century Spain and flourished throughout Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Byron continued living in Italy until 1823 when he accepted an invitation to support Greek independence from the Turks. He spent much of his money on the Greek rebellion and took personal command of a unit of elite fighters. In February 1824 Byron fell ill. The cold became a violent fever, and on April 19, 1824, Byron died at the age of 36. He was deeply mourned in England and became a hero in Greece. His body was brought back to England to be buried in the family vault near Newstead. The clergy refused to bury him at Westminster Abbey. The most notorious of the major Romantics, George Gordon, Lord Byron, was also the most fashionable poet of the day. To this day he remains a legend. He was the hero of all his poems, but his real life was far more exciting than anything that he wrote. He was a man possessed by self-pity, self-consciousness and self-love. He created an immensely popular character – defiant social outcast, brooding and mysterious, haunted by secret guilt, yet charming and courageous – for which he was the model. Byron created a romantic archetype which was to last well into the 19th century. The love of liberty and freedom, coupled with a melancholy disposition rooted in solitude, became an expression of whatmany people of the time interpreted as the Romantic hero.