a Swiss linguist whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century. Saussure is widely considered to be one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics and of semiotics, and his ideas have had a monumental impact throughout the humanities and social sciences.
The phoneme theory. Ferdinand de Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure expressed the similar views.
He regarded phonemes as the sum of acoustic impressions and articulatory movements.
a Russian linguist and historian whose teachings formed a nucleus of the Prague School of structural linguistics. He is widely considered to be the founder of morphophonology.
The phoneme theory. Trubetzkoy
N. Trubetskoy expressed the opposite approach – the so-called ‘functional’ view.
It regards the phoneme as a minimal sound unit by which meanings can be differentiated without much regard to the actually pronounced speech sounds.
N. Trubetskoy’s views
Phoneme – a unity of phonologically relevant features.
Archi-phoneme – an abstraction which combines the distinctive features common to two phonemes.
/к/ лук
/К/ (neither voiced nor voiceless)
/г/ луг
The phoneme theory
Leonard Bloomfield
(1887 –1949)
an American linguist who led the development of structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and the 1940s.
The phoneme theory
Edward Sapir
(1884 –1939)
a German-born American anthropologist-linguist and a leader in American structural linguistics. He was a highly influential figure in American linguistics, influencing several generations of linguists across several schools of the discipline.
