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3 Conclusion 
Electrodes ensure high-quality melting of scrap in the 
technological process. For this, it is important to have 
accurate information about the types and classification of 
electrodes and to choose special electrodes. 
This is mainly 
because of complexity of the production technology of 
graphite electrodes and their production according to the 
requirements of steel melting furnaces, their price 
increases. So, that is why in this article, the consumption 
of graphite electrodes in the process of steel smelting is 
given, and if the electrodes are damaged or broken, the 
condition of the consumption of the electrodes and what 
problems they cause are considered. Also, the technical 
characteristics of graphite electrodes, which are the main 
element of the steel smelting process, are given, the 
problems that may arise in their use in the technological 
process are analyzed 
(fig.2),
and several solutions are 
given 
(fig.3).
As well as, in this article, suggestions for reducing the 
consumption of electrodes are given. 
1.
Low-quality steel scrap or incorrect proportioning 
can lead to inadequate slag formation, which in turn 
prolongs the smelting process. Prolonged smelting 
directly contributes to higher power consumption and 
increased electrode usage and losses. 
2.
Mismatched 
electric 
furnace 
power 
supply 
equipment and electrode specifications can lead to 
problems. Electric arc furnace power transmission 
involves high-current and low-voltage operations. 
Overloading and prolonged operation can result in the 
most significant loss and consumption of graphite 
electrodes. 
3.
During the oxidation phase, chemical energy is 
deliberately elevated to enhance smelting intensity. 
Throughout the smelting process, there is a deliberate 
increase in the amount of oxygen blown to achieve rapid 
melting and elevate furnace temperatures within the high-
temperature flame. In this furnace environment, 
electrodes often experience significant issues such as 
layering and surface oxidation. 
The technical aspects of electric furnace configuration 
and operation are critical. This includes choosing the 
power transmission curve and gear during operation, 
controlling arc starting and arc stabilization voltage and 
current, and effectively coordinating the use of long, 
medium, and short arcs. Additionally, the configuration 
and utilization of water cooling systems are crucial factors 
that significantly impact the service life and consumption 
of electrodes.