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have certain obligations, which are determined by different criteria.
20
The scholars
are obliged to study full-time at all costs, even if this compels them to live in poverty
and destitution, whereas the laymen should not risk poverty but rather engage in full-
time mundane occupations. For the latter group Rashaz prescribed setting limited
times for study every day and night as a way of fulfilling the commandment of
talmud Torah
.
21
Moreover, in particularly difficult circumstances, their study may be
further limited to one chapter in the morning and one in the evening. And if someone
is compelled to work the whole day, he may fulfill his obligation of Torah study by
merely reciting the
Shema’
during the morning and evening prayers.
22
The distinction and different obligations that follow are based on Rashaz’s
understanding of the commandment of Torah study. In his collection of the laws of
Torah study, he pointed out two substrates of the commandment:
23
the
commandment of knowing the Torah [
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