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E L B E K
D A L A B O E V
Cinnamon is a sweet, fragrant spice produced from the inner bark of trees of the genus Cinnamomum, which is
native to the Indian sub-continent. It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible,
both as an ingredient that was mixed with oils for anointing people's bodies, and also as a token indicating
friendship among lovers and friends. In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a
pleasant scent. Most often, however, the spice found its primary use as an additive to food and drink. In the Middle
Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around
them with their ability to purchase an expensive condiment from the ‘exotic’ East. At a banquet, a host would offer
guests a plate with various spices piled upon it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal. Cinnamon was also
reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion.
Toward the end of the Middle Ages, the European middle classes began to desire the lifestyle of the elite, including
their consumption of spices. This led to a growth in demand for cinnamon and other spices. At that time, cinnamon
was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals.
They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean. Their journey
ended when they reached Alexandria. European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then
brought it back to Venice. The spice then travelled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe.
Because the overland trade route allowed for only small quantities of the spice to reach Europe, and because Venice
had a virtual monopoly of the trade, the Venetians could set the price of cinnamon exorbitantly high. These prices,
coupled with the increasing demand, spurred the search for new routes to Asia by Europeans eager to take part in
the spice trade.
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