Second nature
Psychologists have long held that a person's character cannot undergo a transformation in any meaningful way and
that the key traits of personality are determined at a very young age. However, researchers have begun looking more
closely at ways we can change. Positive psychologists have identified 24 qualities we admire, such as loyalty and
kindness, and are studying them to find out why they come so naturally to some people. What they're discovering is
that many of these qualities amount to habitual behaviour that determines the way we respond to the world. The good
news is that all this can be learned.
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D A L A B O E V
Some qualities are less challenging to develop than others, optimism being one of them. However, developing
qualities requires mastering a range of skills which are diverse and sometimes surprising. For example, to bring more
joy and passion into your life, you must be open to experiencing negative emotions. Cultivating such qualities will
help you realise your full potential.
Suzanne Segerstrom, professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, believes that the key to increasing
optimism is through cultivating optimistic behaviour, rather than positive thinking. She recommends you train
yourself to pay attention to good fortune by writing down three positive things that come about each day. This will
help you convince yourself that favourable outcomes actually happen all the time, making it easier to begin taking
action.
Questions 1-5
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Psychologists have traditionally believed that a personality
1 ...................... was impossible and that by a
2 ...................... a person’s character tends to be fixed. This is not true according to positive psychologists, who say
that our personal qualities can be seen as habitual behaviour. One of the easiest qualities to acquire is
3 ......................
. However,
regardless of the quality, it is necessary to learn a wide variety of different
4 ...................... in order for a
new quality to develop; for example, a person must understand and feel some
5 ...................... in order to increase
their happiness.
Test 3
Summary completion