Trans thoracic c ardiac windows • and standard 2d sections

• TRANS THORACIC C
ARDIAC WINDOWS
• AND STANDARD 2D SECTIONS
• DR. SANKAR MITR
SURFACE ANATOMY OF CARDIAC LANDMARK

CARDIAC PLANES FOR SECTION


CARDIAC WINDOWS


Standard Echocardiographic Windows
A. Parasternal

1. 
   Long Axis Left Ventricle
   
2. 
   Short Axis Aortic Valve Level
   
3. 
   Short Axis Mitral Valve Level
   
4. 
   Short Axis Papillary Muscle Level
   
5. 
   Short Axis Apical Level
   

B. Apical

1. 
   Four chamber
   
2. 
   Five chamber
   
3. 
   Apical Long Axis Left Ventricle
   
4. 
   Two Chamber
   

C. Subcostal
I. Four Chamber
D. Suprasternal
1. Long Axis Aortic Arch

LEFT PARASTERNAL WINDOW: LONG AXIS
• Index: Towards Right Shoulder
• Beam: Towards Upper Dorsal Spine
•
Standard View: Anterior Mitral C

Echocardiography views and Anatomical variants
overview

• 
  Normal Anatomic Variants In The Right Atrium
  
• 
  . Normal Anatomic Variants In Left Atrium
  
• 
  . Normal Anatomic Variants In Left Ventricle
  
• 
  Normal Anatomic Variants In Aortic Valve
  
• 
  Normal Anatomic Variants In Right Ventricle
  
• 
  

■ Anatomic variants are ubiquitous, may involve any chamber or valve structure, and are potentially confused with pathologic structures.

■ Recognition of such normal variants depends on image quality and technique as well as experience.
■ The use of multiple imaging windows and transducers of different frequencies are additional strategies to ensure an accurate diagnosis.