Transport Logistics

 2.2.2. Enabling new supply chain structures

The rapid development of ICT has influenced not only supply chain performance but has also

changed industry structures and produced new services.

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Easier access to information for suppliers and actual users has enhanced direct trade. The easy

availability of information to all partners in the supply chain poses a threat to parties in the chain

(e.g. agents) who traditionally earn their living through their access to scarce information. Certain

intermediate roles in the supply chain may become redundant. Forwarders, wholesalers and retailers

will face more competition by Internet sales channels, since a large part of their business stemmed

from matching supply and demand.

However, the Internet has created new non-asset type businesses. A particular service has

emerged which is referred to as the “virtual logistics chain”. A virtual logistics chain is an Internet-

based communication system with a centralised database, which integrates all aspects of logistics

operations, and can be accessed by interested parties to check relevant logistics information and

communicate in real time. An area for possible further improvement of supply chains and

opportunities for intermodal transport is the separation of the marketing channel from the physical

supply chain. For instance virtual auctions which are Internet-based and do not require the physical

presence of products allow products to be exchanged directly from seller to buyer without unnecessary

detours and transport. Value-Added Network (VAN) companies which transmit information between

customers and transportation service providers serve as integrators by functioning as databanks for

checking cargo location, purchase orders and other forms of information.

An example of this in Europe is PARIS (Planning And Routing Intermodal System) which

simultaneously plans the hinterland transport of containers to and from ports for several shippers and

several transport companies, thereby increasing transport efficiency.

In the United States, a new type of third party logistics provider, called Information Clearing

House (ICH) has emerged. These service companies create Web sites which list available truck

capacities of member truck companies and enable transportation arrangements to be made between the

truck companies and subscribed consignors. This increases truckload efficiency and contributes to

environmentally friendly transport by reducing the number of less than truckload consignments. In the

near future, such services may be expanded to enable optimal transport arrangements using and/or

combining different modes via bidding.