Stents and Balloon Angioplasty
Recent advances in interventional radiology have
contributed expandable wire stents and balloon
angioplasty. These stents can be placed across the
stenotic portion of the vena cava. The stents have little
thrombogenic potential and usually remain widely
patent without narrowing for months. Today, place-
ment and use of stents is limited when intraluminal
thrombosis is present. However, after thrombolytic
therapy, stent placement has been noted to be a more
successful approach. After stent placement, patients
experience instantaneous relief of symptoms. The
placement of stents is performed under local anesthe-
sia by radiologists. The placement of a stent appears to
be suitable therapy for the palliation of the symptoms
of SVCS in cases for which other therapeutic modali-
ties cannot be used or are ineffective.
11
For localized
lesions, balloon angioplasty with or without stenting
has also been shown to significantly reduce the symp-
toms of SVCS.
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