12. Nieto AF, Doty DB: Superior vena cava obstruction: clini-
cal syndrome, etiology, and treatment. Curr Probl Cancer
1986;10:441–484.
13. Doty DB: Bypass of superior vena cava: six years’ experi-
ence with spiral vein graft for obstruction of superior
vena cava due to benign and malignant disease. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg 1982;83:326–338.
14. Doty DB, Doty JR, Jones KW: Bypass of superior vena
cava: fifteen years’ experience with spiral vein graft for
obstruction of superior vena cava caused by benign dis-
ease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:889–895.
15. Bernstein EF, Knowles HJ, Saeed M: Should superior
vena caval syndrome be treated by surgery anymore?
Cardiovasc Surg 1994;2:605–606.
16. Putnam JS, Uchida BT, Antonovic R, Rosch J: Superior
vena cava syndrome associated with massive thrombosis:
treatment with expandable wire stents. Radiology 1988;
167:727–728.
17. Kishi K, Sonomura T, Mitsuzane K, et al: Self-expandable
metallic stent therapy for superior vena cava syndrome:
clinical observations. Radiology 1993;189:531–535.
18. Venugopal C, Dake MD: Intravascular stents for the
treatment of venous obstruction. Surgical Technology
International 1993;2:273–278.
19. Spiro SG, Shah S, Harper PG, et al: Treatment of
obstruction of the superior vena cava by combination
chemotherapy with and without irradiation in small-cell
carcinoma of the bronchus. Thorax 1983;38:501–505.
B h i m j i : S u p e r i o r V e n a C a v a S y n d r o m e : p p . 4 2 – 4 6 , 6 3
(from page 46)
Hospital Physician January 1999
63
Copyright
1999 by Turner White Communications Inc., Wayne, PA. All rights reserved.