Washington, D. C., formally the District of Columbia
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| Pop.
|
| ||
|
%± | |||
|
1800 |
8,144 |
|
— |
|
1810 |
15,471 |
|
90.0% |
|
1820 |
23,336 |
|
50.8% |
|
1830 |
30,261 |
|
29.7% |
|
1840 |
33,745 |
|
11.5% |
|
1850 |
51,687 |
|
53.2% |
|
1860 |
75,080 |
|
45.3% |
|
1870 |
131,700 |
|
75.4% |
|
1880 |
177,624 |
|
34.9% |
|
1890 |
230,392 |
|
29.7% |
|
1900 |
278,718 |
|
21.0% |
|
1910 |
331,069 |
|
18.8% |
|
1920 |
437,571 |
|
32.2% |
|
1930 |
486,869 |
|
11.3% |
|
1940 |
663,091 |
|
36.2% |
|
1950 |
802,178 |
|
21.0% |
|
1960 |
763,956 |
|
−4.8% |
|
1970 |
756,510 |
|
−1.0% |
|
1980 |
638,333 |
|
−15.6% |
|
1990 |
606,900 |
|
−4.9% |
|
2000 |
572,059 |
|
−5.7% |
|
2010 |
601,723 |
|
5.2% |
|
Est. 2014 |
658,893 |
[83] |
9.5% |
|
Source:[25][84] Note:[d] | |||
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the District's population was 658,893 on July 1, 2014, a 9.5% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1] The increase continues a growth trend since 2000, following a half-century of population decline.[86] The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010.[87] According to data from 2010, commuters from the suburbs increase the District's daytime population to over one million people.[88] If the District were a state it would rank 49th in population, ahead of Vermont and Wyoming.[1]
Row houses on Logan Circle
The Washington Metropolitan Area, which includes the District and surrounding suburbs, is the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the United States with an estimated 5.7 million residents in 2011.[2] When the Washington area is included with Baltimore and its suburbs, the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area had a population exceeding 8.5 million residents in 2010, the fourth-largest combined statistical area in the country.[89]
According to 2013 U.S. Census Bureau data, the population of Washington, D.C., was 49.5% Black or African American, 43.4% White (35.8% non-Hispanic White), 3.9% Asian, and 0.7% Native American Indian, Alaskan, Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander. Individuals from two or more races made up 2.6% of the population. Hispanics of any race made up 10.1% of the District's population.[90]
Washington has had a significant African American population since the city's foundation.[91] African American residents composed about 30% of the District's total population between 1800 and 1940.[25] The black population reached a peak of 70% by 1970, but has since steadily declined due to many African Americans moving to the surrounding suburbs. Partly as a result ofgentrification, there was a 31.4% increase in the non-Hispanic white population and an 11.5% decrease in the black population between 2000 and 2010.[92]
About 17% of D.C. residents were age 18 or younger in 2010; lower than the U.S. average of 24%. However, at 34 years old, the District had the lowest median age compared to the 50 states.[93] As of 2010, there were an estimated 81,734 immigrants living in Washington, D.C.[94] Major sources of immigration include El Salvador, Vietnam, and Ethiopia, with a concentration of Salvadorans in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood.[95]
Researchers found that there were 4,822 same-sex couples in the District of Columbia in 2010; about 2% of total households.[96]Legislation authorizing same-sex marriage passed in 2009 and the District began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in March 2010.[97]
A 2007 report found that about one-third of District residents were functionally illiterate, compared to a national rate of about one in five. This is attributed in part to immigrants who are not proficient in English.[98] As of 2011, 85% of D.C. residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language.[99] Half of residents had at least a four-year college degree in 2006.[94] D.C. residents had a personal income per capita of $55,755; higher than any of the 50 U.S. states.[100]However, 19% of residents were below the poverty level in 2005; higher than any state except Mississippi.[101]
Of the District's population, 17% is Baptist, 13% is Catholic, 6% is Evangelical Protestant, 4% is Methodist/Pietist, 3% is Episcopalian/Anglican, 3% is Jewish, 2% isEastern Orthodox, 1% is Pentecostal, 1% is Buddhist, 1% is Adventist, 1% is Lutheran, 1% is Muslim, 1% is Buddhist, 1% is Presbyterian, 1% is Mormon, and 1% isHindu.[102][e]
Over 90% of D.C. residents have health insurance coverage; the second-highest rate in the nation. This is due in part to city programs that help provide insurance to low-income individuals who do not qualify for other types of coverage.[103] A 2009 report found that at least 3% of District residents have HIV or AIDS, which the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) characterizes as a "generalized and severe" epidemic.[104]
Crime
Main article: Crime in Washington, D.C.
Crime in Washington, D.C., is concentrated in areas associated with poverty, drug abuse, and gangs. A 2010 study found that 5% of city blocks contributed to over one-quarter of the District's total crime.[105] The more affluent neighborhoods of Northwest Washington are typically safe, but reports of violent crime increase in poorer neighborhoods generally concentrated in the eastern portion of the city.[105] Approximately 60,000 residents are ex-convicts.[106]
Washington was often described as the "murder capital" of the United States during the early 1990s.[107] The number of murders peaked in 1991 at 479, but the level of violence then began to decline significantly.[108] By 2012, Washington's annual murder count dropped to 88, the lowest total since 1961;[109] though the number of homicides has since risen each year to over 100 in 2015.[110] Many neighborhoods such as Columbia Heights and Logan Circle are becoming safer and vibrant. However, incidents of robberies and thefts have remained higher in these areas due to increased nightlife activity and greater numbers of affluent residents.[111] Even still, citywide reports of both property and violent crimes have declined by nearly half since their most recent highs in the mid-1990s.[112]
On June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States held in District of Columbia v. Heller that the city's 1976 handgun ban violated the Second Amendmentright to gun ownership.[113] However, the ruling does not prohibit all forms of gun control; laws requiring firearm registration remain in place, as does the city's assault weapon ban.[114] In addition to the District's own Metropolitan Police Department, many federal law enforcement agencies have jurisdiction in the city as well; most visibly the U.S. Park Police, founded in 1791.[115]
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