Affixation (xushxabar, saylgoh) ,word-composition (oqqush, temiryo’l), conversion (kasal, g’olib), abbrevation (O’zMU) . Affixation or derivation. Affixation is one of the most productive ways of word-building throughout the history of English. It consists in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech[2].
Suffixes(-age,-ance,-ant,-ee,-ence,--er/or, -ery,-full,-ion) can change parts of speech as the following:
adjective-to-noun: shortage ('етишмовчилик, камлик')
-ness (happy → happiness),
-ness (sad → sadness)
adjective-to-verb: -ize (modern → modernize)
noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational)
noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)
verb-to-adjective: -able (wash → washable)
verb-to-noun: -ance (deliver → deliverance)
Prefixation(dis-, anti-,de-,em-,en-,in-,im-, inter-,mid-,non-…) is the formation of words by means of adding a prefix to the stem. In English it is characteristic for forming verbs. Semantic classification of prefixes:
a) prefixes of negative meaning, such as : in- (invaluable), non- (nonferrous)
b) prefixes denoting repetition or reversal actions, such as: de- (decolonize), re- (redo), dis- (discomfort),
c) prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, such as : inter- (internation) , hyper- (hyperactive), ex- (ex-president), pre- (pre-election).
All prefixes were borrowed from other languages in the Uzbek language.
Circumfix (un-imagin-able, un-acceopt-able,in-advisab-ly,..) is an affix, a morpheme that is placed around another morpheme. Circumfixes contrast with prefixes, attached to the beginning of the words; suffixes, that are attached at the end; and infixes, inserted in the middle.
Infix (-pr-,-mu-,-co-,-os-,-me-,-cir-,-ne-,-fu-,-bac-…) is a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word—rather than at its beginning or end—to create a new word or intensify meaning. The process of inserting an infix is called infixation.
