LUMAT
868
classrooms across different grades and schools may provide a more holistic insight
into the collective emotional climate in primary grade geometry lessons as was done
in the work by Laine et al. (
2013
,
2015
,
2020
) and Tuohilampi et al. (
2016
). This
would, in addition, allow for comparisons between different grades and schools. Since
this was a cross-sectional study and for that reason, the development of emotional
classroom climate could not be researched, in order to map the course of the
emotional climate in the
classroom, a longitudinal study from the beginning of school
to the transition to secondary school of each individual reference group could be
aimed at. Also, in further studies, other subareas of mathematics (e.g., arithmetic)
could be examined more closely as well as differences in the emotional perceptions
concerning these. Lastly, the study design did not allow the
making of direct
inferences between the students’ perceptions of the emotional classroom climate in
geometry and those of the teacher. The particular role of the teacher can be further
explored in future research by using additional data sources, such as the teacher’s
drawing of a geometry lesson.
Drawings and the processes by which they are made have opened up a new way of
gaining insight into students’ perceptions of emotional classroom climate
in primary
grade geometry. Nevertheless, there were some drawbacks. The drawings showed
considerable differences in quality. Due to the heterogeneous development in
childhood, it is important to ensure that the children in the lowest grades are able to
do what is required of them in terms of drawing (Billmann-Mahecha & Drexler,
2010
).
Furthermore, the representations are strongly dependent on the motivation of the
students. The drawings of Grade 5 and 6 students in particular were often very simple
and could only be interpreted correctly by taking the interviews into consideration. It
may be useful to see if this type of research matches the interests of this age group. By
talking to participants before they begin the actual task, it could
be established
whether the respective child likes to draw, or more specific instructions or incentives
could be given.
Despite the inventory, the analysis of the drawings has proven to be a challenging
task. As Blumer (
1969
) noted, the analysis of drawings is understood as interpreting
the meanings that the students had given to the situations and objects they had
presented. Thus, in order to avoid the coder’s own interpretation, not only analyst
triangulation is needed, but also methodological triangulation such
as participant-
produced drawings (Kuzle & Glasnović Gracin,
2020
; Kearney & Hyle,
2004
). This
allowed each student to interpret his or her drawing, which consequently allowed an
KUZLE (2021)
869
in-depth understanding of what the child had drawn, and a more accurate
representation of their experiences and emotions. Methodologically, the semi-
structured interview guide can be modified and extended, especially with regard to
the “affective” state and trait. Furthermore, the coding manual developed by Zambo
(
2006
) can be further developed. Here, each drawing offers new data and sometimes
contains different characteristics, which should be recorded in the manual.
By relating the study results to
teaching practice, some implications for geometry
lessons can be drawn. After evaluating the results, it became apparent that the
students experience quite different emotions in their geometry classrooms. These can
be for instance positive, negative, short-term, or relatively stable. For practice, this
means that everything that happens in the classroom, every statement, gesture, facial
expression, and behavior can have a direct impact on the
emotional classroom
climate. Similarly, the teachers’ actions in the classroom are instrumental in shaping
students’ attitudes toward mathematics (Harrison et al.,
2007
). If they evoke negative
emotions in the students through their attitude, facial expressions, gestures, or
behavior, it can have a detrimental effect on the students’ attitudes toward
mathematics instruction. Often, short-term emotions are related to the demands of
mathematics instruction. It is particularly important that short-term negative
emotions do not become entrenched. The lessons and the teacher’s interaction with
the students in the classroom must be reflected on regularly so that any problems can
be quickly identified and remedied. Here, drawings may also
be used as a method of
evaluation and feedback (Borthwick,
2011
). They help students to express themselves
better and provide the teacher with an insight into how the students perceive the
emotional classroom climate taking all protagonists into consideration. As such,
students’ drawings and their interpretations are productive ways of promoting
dialogue about the working atmosphere (i.e., teaching and learning) between young
people and their teachers (Anning & Ring,
2004
).
Dostları ilə paylaş: