S H A X S N ÏN G IIIS S IY -IR O D A V IY
JA B H A L A R I
V I I b o b
H I S S I Y O T
H issiy o t t o ‘g ‘risida umumiy
tushuncha
fiis s iy o t b o r l i q q a , t u r m u s h g a , s h a x s l a r a r o m u n o s a -
batga k o ‘ra sh a x sn in g s u b y c k tiv k e c h in m a l a r i n i n g a k s c t t i -
rilishidir. Shaxs tirik m a v j u d o t b o ‘lishi b ilan b irg a , j a m i y a t
a'zosi ham dir. S h u n in g d e k , individual inson sifatida tc v a ra k -
atrofdagi narsa va h o d is a la rg a m u n o s a b a t l a r in i x o l i s o n a aks
c ttira d i, in 'ik o s q i l a d i v A k s e ttiris h j a r a y o n i q u y id a g i la r n i
q a m r a b oladi: a) sh ax sn in g ehtiyojini q o n d iris h i m k o n i y a -
tiga egalikni; b) q o n d irish g a y o r d a m beradigan yoki q arshilik
k o 'r s a t a d i g a n o b y e k tla r g a s u b y e k t s ifatida q a t n a s h i s h n i ;
d ) uni h a rak atg a u n d o v c h i , bilishga intiitiruvchi m u n o s a b a t
va h o k a z o la r i n i ; e) s u b y e k t i v m u n o s a b a t l a r n i n g i n s o n
m iy a sid a h is - tu y g 'u la r, c m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r, y u k s a k ichki
k c c h in m a la r tarz id a aks e tishi hissiyot va e m o t s i y a n i y u z a g a
k c l t i r a d i . R i s s i y o t — y a q q o l v o q e lik n in g e h ti y o j la r su b y e k ti
b o l m i s h shaxs m iyasida o b y e k tla r g a n is b a ta n u n i n g u c h u n
q a d r li , a h a m i y a t l i b o l g a n m u n o s a b a t l a r i n i n g a k s e t t i -
r i l i s h i d i y M u l o h a z a l a r d a n k o 'r i n i b tu rib d ik i, „ m u n o s a b a t “
a ta m a s i m a t n d a bir n e c h a m a r t a qayd q ilin d i, s h u b ois
u n g a a y r im iz o h la r b erish m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq d ir. P s ix o -
logiyada hali b ir ta la y a t a m a l a r , t u s h u n c h a l a r m a v ju d k i ,
ularga m o h iy a t, m a 'n o , k o l a m . sifat, shakl j i h a t i d a n b a 'z i
b ir tu z a t i s h la r kiritilishi m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq d ir.
P six o lo g iy a f a n id a m u n o s a b a t t u s h u n c h a s i ikk i xil
m a ’n o d a qoMlanib keiinadi: 1) subyekt (shaxs) b il a n o b y e k t
(n a rsa )
0
‘rtasida tabiiy h o ld a yuza g a k eladigan o ‘z a r o a l o q a
o 'r n a t i s h (obyektiv m u n o s a b a t l a r ) ; 2) o ‘rn a ti lg a n a l o q a l a r -
n in g aks ettirilishi yoki k e c h in m a s i , xususiy s u b y c k t n i n g
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e h t i y o j la r i va u la rn in g o b y e k t l a r a r o m u n o s a b a t i (subyektiv
m u n o s a b a t l a r ) , b i n o b a r i n , n a m o y o n b o 'l g a n e h tiy o jla m i
q o n d i r i s h g a s h a y t u r g a n n a r s a la r bilan o d a m o ‘rtasidagi
m u n o s a b a t m a ’n o s i d a is h la t il a d i. H is siy o t t u s h u n c h a s i
k u n d a l i k t u r m u s h va ilm iy psixologik m a n b a l a r d a h a r xil
m a ’n o d a q o 'l l a n i l a d i . M a s a l a n , sez g ila r, a n g l a n m a g a n
m a y l l a r , a n g l a n m a g a n x o h i s h l a r , t i l a k l a r , m a q s a d l a r ,
t a l a b l a r kabi t u s h u n c h a l a r d a n hissiyot o 'r n i d a foydalaniladi.
Il m iy n u q ta y i n a z a r d a n kelib ch iq ib tahlil q iladigan boMsak,
„ h i s s i y o t “ o d a t d a t i r i k m a v j u d o t l a r m i y a s i d a , y a ’ni
s h a x s l a r n i n g e h tiy o jla rin i q o n d i r u v c h i va u n g a m o n e l i k
q i l u v c h i o b y e k tia rg a n i s b a t a n o d a m n i n g m u n o s a b a t la r in i
a k s e t t ir i s h m a ’n o s id a q o 'lla n ila d i.
/ j a h o n p s i x o l o g iy a s id a „ h i s s i y o t “ b i l a n „ e m o t s i y a "
a t a m a l a r i (ayniqsa, c h e t m a m la k a t la r d a ) b ir xil m a ’n o d a
i s h la t il a d i, lekin ularn i a y n a n b ir xil holat d e b tu s h u n ish
u n c h a l i k t o ‘g ‘ri e m a s / B u n d a y n u q s o n o m m a b o p a d a b iy o t-
l a r d a , c h e t e l l a r d a c h o p e ti l g a n d a r s l i k l a r d a a k s a r i y a t
h o l l a r d a u c h r a y d i . O d a t d a , t a s h q i a l o m a t l a r i y a q q o l
n a m o y o n b o kladigan h i s - t u y g ‘u la rn i ichki k e c h in m a la r d a
i f o d a l a n is h d a n iborat psixik j a r a y o n yuzaga kelishining a n iq
s h a k l i n i e m o ts iy a d e b a t a s h m a q s a d g a m uvoflq. M a sa la n ,
r a n g l a r n i n g o 'z g a ris h i, y u z g a t a b a s s u m yoyilishi, lablar-
n i n g titr a s h i , k o ‘z l a r n i n g y arq ira sh i, kulgi, y ig ‘i, g ‘a m g i n -
lik , i k k i l a n i s h , s a r o s i m a l i k va b o s h q a l a r e m o t s i y a n i n g
i fo d a sid ir. V a ta n p a rv a rlik , jav o b g arlik , m a s ’uliyat, vijdon,
m e h r - o q i b a t , s e v g i - m u h a b b a t singari y u k sa k xislatla rn i
e m o t s i y a tarkibiga kiritish g ‘ayritabiiy h o d is a b o l a r edi.
U s h b u h is s iy k e c h i n m a l a r o ‘z i n i n g n i o h i y a t i , k u c h -
q u v v a t i , d avom iyligi, ta 's i r c h a n l i g i, y o ‘nalganligi b ila n bir-
b irid a n keskin farqlanishiga q aram ay , ularni e m otsiya sifatida
ta l q i n qilish safsata boMib qolishi m u m k in . D c m a k , u la rn in g
o ‘z a r o m u h i m farqi biri ijtim o iy (hissiyot), ikkinchisi esa
( e m o t s i y a ) in d iv id u a l, x u su s iy e k a n lig id ad ir.
T a ' k i d l a b o 't i l g a n m u l o h a z a l a r g a q a r a m a y , hissiyot
b i l a n e m o t s iy a n i b i r - b i r i d a n q a t ’iy c h e k la b q o 'y i s h b a 'z i
c h a lk a s h l ik l a r n i keltirib c h iq a r is h i m u m k in . F aoliyat, x ulq-
a t v o r , m u o m a l a su b y ek ti o ‘zin in g shaxsiy h a m d a ja m i y a t
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u c h u n a h a m iy a tl i h i s o b l a n g a n n a r s a va h o d i s a l a r n i a k s
c t t i m v c h i m u n o s a b a ti h is s iv o td a m u ja s s a m la s h a d i. S h a x s -
n in g individual hayoti va fa o liy a tig a a l o q a d o r (x o h fo y d a li,
x o h za ra r li b o 'I s in ) o m i l l a r , q o ‘z g ‘o v c h iIa r, t u r t k i l a r n i
ifo d a lo v c h i h a m d a kelib c h i q i s h i in stin k tlar, s h a r t s i z re f-
le k s la r, irsiy b e lg ila r ( o v q a t î a n i s h , h i m o y a l a n i s h , q o ‘r-
q ish va b o s h q a l a r ) b i l a n b o g ' l i q s o d d a hissiy h o l a t l a r
„ e m o t s i y a “ deyiladi. E m o t s iy a la r nafaqat in s o n la rg a , b a lk i
j o n l i m a v ju d o tia rg a h a m t a a l l u q l i ru hiy (psixik) h o l a t l a r d i r .
H a y v o n i a r d a g i e m o t s i y a l a r n i n g o 'z g a r i s h i n u i r a k k a b
b o l g a n tabiiylik (irsiy) a l o m a t l a r g a a s o s la n u v c h i s o d d a
tuzilishga cgadir.
O d a m bilan h ay v o n e m o t s i y a l a r i o ‘z la r in in g m o h i y a t i ,
tu zilishi, t a ’sirchanligi, ja d a llig i, sifati, shakli b i l a n k e s k in
ta fo v u tla n a d i. E m o tsiy a la r t a s h q i k o ‘rinishga xosligi, m u -
v a q q a t xususiyatga ega ekanligi b ila n hissiyotdan f a r q l a n a d i .
A y tish j o iz k i, hissiyot h a y v o n o t o l a m i g a xos k e c h i n m a
e m a s , u a q l-z a k o v a t subyekti s a n a lm is h h azrati i n s o n g a g i n a
xos, c h u n k i , e m p a t i k ( h a m d a r d l i k ) h is - t u y g ‘u l a r s h a x s -
ning m u k a m m a llik b o s q ic h ig a ko'tarilishiga kafolat ncgizidir.
H issiyot bilan e m o tsiy a i n s o n shaxsining ijtim o iy h a y o -
tiy s h a r t- s h a r o i t la r i d a y u z a g a k c lg a n , o d a m n i n g i j ti m o i y -
t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t i d a c v o l u t s i o n y o ‘s i n d a s h a k l l a n g a n ,
m u a y y a n i jtim o iy m u h i t d a i s t i q o m a t q i l u v c h i k i s h i l a r
t o m o n i d a n o ‘z l a s h tirilg a n g ‘o y a l a r , m e ’y o r l a r , q o n u n -
q o id a la r , n iz o m la r, q a d r iy a tla r n i aks e ttiru v ch i a n g l a n g a n
h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r , m u r a k k a b i c h k i k e c h i n m a l a r n i v u j u d g a
kelish j a r a y o n id ir .
H issiyot va em otsion al holatlarning
fiziologik asoslari
/ E m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r b o s h q a ruhiy j a r a y o n l a r s in g a r i
m iy a faoliy a tin in g natijasi v a m a h s u li boMib h i s o b l a n a d i .
E m o t s i o n a l h o l a tl a r n i n g y u z a g a k e lish ig a a s o s i y s a b a b
t a b i a t d a v a j a m i y a t d a s o d i r b o l a y o t g a n o ‘z g a r i s h l a r ,
m u n o s a b a t l a r , a l o q a l a r , t a a s s u r o t l a r d i r / O ' z g a r i s h l a r
b i r i n c h i d a n , shaxs hayoti v a f a o liy a tin in g j a d a l l a s h i s h i y o k i
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p asa y is h ig a, i k k i n c h i d a n , insondagi ay rim e h tiy o jia rn in g
p a y d o b o l i s h i yoki y o ‘qolish ig a , u c h i n c h i d a n , o d a m ichki
o r g a n l a r i fu n k s io n a l h o l a t l a r i n i n g b e q a r o r l a s h u v i g a olib
k elad i. S h artsiz va s h a r tl i reflekslar h is - t u y g ‘u l a r u c h u n
e n g xususiyatli fizio lo g ik j a r a y o n l a r negizi s ifatida xizm at
q ila d i va u la rn in g m u a y y a n tizimi bosh m iy a k a tta y a r im -
s h a r i p o ks t l o g ‘i d a y u z a g a k e l a d i , m u s t a h k a m l a n a d i .
M u r a k k a b sh a rtsiz reflek slar: 1) y a r im s h a r l a r n i n g p o ‘st-
lo q o sti b o ‘shliqlari; 2) m i y a stvolining k o ‘rish d o 'n g lik la ri:
3) n e r v q o ‘z g ka I is h la r in i m i y a n i n g y u q o ri b o 'l i m l a r i d a n
vegetativ tizimiga o ‘t k a z ib beruvchi markazlari orqali am alga
oshiriladi. Shaxsda h i s - t u y g kularning kechishi h a m i s h a miya
p o ‘s t l o g ki bilan p o ‘s t l o q o s t i m a r k a z l a r in in g b irgalikdagi
faoliyati natijasida r o ‘y o b g a chiqadi.
S h a x s ru h iy o l a m i d a , uni q u r s h a b t u r g a n t e v a r a k -
a t r o f d a s o d i r b o l a y o t g a n o kz g a ris h la r (x o h ta b iiy , xo h
s u b y e k t i v boMsin) k e c h i n m a i a r s u b y e k ti i n s o n u c h u n
q a n c h a q a d r - q i m m a t l i v a y uksak a h a m iy a t kasb etsa, liissiy
h o l a t l a r n i n g m a z m u n i s h u n c h a p u r m a ' n o b o 'l a d i . B uning
t a ’s i r i d a e sa y u z a g a k e l a d i g a n n u i v a q q a t b o g l a n i s h l a r
tiz i m i n i n g qayta qurilishi q o ‘z g kalish ja ra y o n in i hosil qiladi.
M a z k u r j a r a y o n m i y a k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r i p o ks t ! o g ’ida
ta rq a lib , s o ‘ng p o kstlo q o sti m arkazlarini egallab oladi. K atta
y a r im sharlar p o 's tlo g 'id a n pastda turuvchi m iya b o l i m l a r i d a
o r g a n i z m fiziologik f a o liy a tin in g turli m a r k a z la r i (nafas
o l i s h , o v q a t h a z m q i l i s h ) j o y l a s h g a n . S h u s a b a b d a n ,
p o ‘s tlo q o sti m a r k a z l a r i n i n g q o ‘z g ‘alishi b a ’zi ichki a ’z o la r
fa o liy a tin in g k u c h a y ish ig a olib keladi. J u m l a d a n , nafas olish
m e ’y o r in i n g o ‘zgarishi (h a y a j o n la n g a n d a b o kg ‘ilib qolish,
o g ‘ir va tartibsiz nafas o lish ) yuz berishi, y u ra k fa o liy a ti
n in g b u zilishi, y u ra k u r i s h i tezîashishi, o r g a n i z m n i n g q o n
b i l a n t a ’m in la n is h i i z d a n chiqishi (u v a lg a n d a n qizarish ,
q o ‘r q q a n d a n o q a r is h ) , ic h k i sekrctsiya bezlari ishini b uzib
k o ‘z y o s h i n i o q i z i s h i , h a y a j o n l a n g a n d a o g ‘iz q u r i s h i ,
q o ‘r q q a n d a n „ s o v u q “ t e r chiqishi m u m k in .
Ilm iy m a n b a l a r d a t a l q i n qilinishicha, m iya k a tta y a rim -
s h a r l a r i n i n g p o ‘s t l o g ki m o ' t a d i l s h a r o i t d a p o ls t l o q o s t i
m a r k a z l a r i g a b o s h q a r u v va t o r m o z l o v y o ‘s i n i d a t a ’sir
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k o ‘rsatadi h a m d a h issiyotning ta sh q a r id a ifo d a la n is h ig a y o i
q o 'y m ay d i. M iya p o ‘stlog‘i kuchli d a ra ja d a q o ‘z g ‘alsa, u n i n g
ta 's i r i d a b o s h q a r u v c h a n l i k funksiyasi b u z ila d i. S h a x s q a ttiq
c h a r c h a s a yoki k u ch li m a s t b o ‘lsa, irra d ia ts iy a o q i b a t i d a
p o 's tlo q o s ti m a rk a z la ri h a m q o ‘z g ‘a la d i, n a t i j a d a u l a r n i n g
h a r a k a tn i n a z o ra t qilishi h a m y o 'q o la d i .
M iya fa o liy a tin in g e lek tro fizio lo g ik t a d q i q o t la r i e m o -
tsiyalaming p ay d o b o ‘lishida g ip o ta la m o lim b ik
{yunoncha —
h y p o th a la m u s
—
b o sh m iy a b o ‘lim i
d e g a n m a ’ n o n i
b ild ir a d i) tiz im i v a r e ti k u lä r f o r m a ts i y a ( l o t i n c h a
reti
culum — to'rsim on , fo rm a tio — bog 'la m
m a ’n o s i n i a n g -
latad i) ning o 'r n i k o ‘rsatib o ‘tilgan. M a ’l u m o t l a r d a k o ‘r-
sa tilish ic h a , e m o t s i o n a l h o l a t l a r n i n g fiz io lo g ik m o h i y a t i
k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r p o ‘s t ! o g ‘in i n g va p o ‘s t l o q o s t i t iz im i
m a r k a z l a r n i n g f u n k s iy a s ig in a e m a s , b a lk i u l a r : a) m iy a
m e x a n i z m l a r i f a o liy a ti n i f a o l l a s h t i r u v c h i r e t i k u l ä r f o r -
m atsiy an in g ; b) m i y a n in g k o ‘rish d o ‘n g lik la rin in g ( d o ‘ng-
likosti q is m in in g ); d ) y a r im s h a r l a r y angi p o ‘s t l o g ‘i o r a -
sidagi lim bik s is te m a n in g funksiyalaridir^ E m o t s i o n a l h o -
latlar u c h u n p o ‘s tloqosti t u g u n c h a l a r i n i n g t a r k i b i g a k iruv-
chi (m iy a k a tta y a r im s h a r l a r in i n g o q m o d d a s i j b i r l a s h u v i
b ilan ku lran g m o d d a g a a y l a n a d i ) b u m a r k a z l a r h a m mu*
h i m a h a m iy a tg a ega. A ga rda m iy a k atta y a r im s h a r la ri p o ‘st-
l o g ‘i h a r a k a tl a r i n i b i r l a s h t i r i b , s e z g ila rn i v a s a ’y - h a r a -
k atlarn i n ozik ifoda qilib t u rs a , m iy a fo r m a ts iy a la r i ta s h q i
h a m d a ich k i m u h i t d a s o d i r b o l a d i g a n o ‘z g a r i s h l a r g a
o r g a n iz m n in g j a v o b reak siy alarin i b o s h q a r a d i.
M a ’l u m o tla r g a q a r a g a n d a , m iy a k a t ta y a r im s h a r l a r i
p o 's t l o g 'i s h ik astlan sa, tash q i o l a m d a n h a m d a ic h k i o r g a n -
la r d a n k eladiga n q o lz g ‘o v c h il a r n in g n o z ik t a h lil q ilinishi
zaiflashsa h a m e m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r saq la n ib q o l a v e r a r e k a n .
M a s a la n , h a y v o n l a r lim b ik t iz i m g a , d o kn g o s t i ( g i p o t a -
l a m u s ) q i s m ig a , k o ‘rish d o ' n g c h a l a r i g a
y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n
e l e k t r q o ‘z g ‘a tu v c h ila r g a , r e ti k u l ä r f o r m a t s i y a n i n g q o ‘z-
g ‘alishlariga x u rsa n d lik yoki diqqinafaslik, d a r g ‘a z a b lik yoki
q o ‘rqoq!ik, lazz atlan ish y o k i a z o b la n is h , r o h a tl a n i s h yoki
ko'n gilxijillik sifatida j a v o b reaksiyasi hosil b o ‘Iadi.
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P six o fiz io lo g o l i m l a r n i n g m a ’lu m o tla r ig a k o 'r a , m iy a -
n in g m u a y y a n j o y l a r i d a n e le k tr o d y o r d a m i d a b io to k la rn i
y o z ib o l g a n m a ’l u m o tl a r i d a n k o ‘rin ib tu ribdiki, s u te m i-
z u v c h ila r n i n g g ip o ta la m u s la rid a h a m „ r o h a t l a n i s h “ , h a m
„ a z o b la n is h “ markazlari m avjud ekan. Tajribada „ro h atla-
n i s h “ m a r k a z i q o ‘z g ‘a ti lg a n d a y o q im li hislar u y g 'o n g a n ,
e le k tr to k i bilan „ a zo b lan ish “ m arkazi q o 4zg‘ati!ganda esa
h a y v o n l a r q a l t i r a b , o ‘z i n i h a r t o m o n g a t a s h l a g a n l a r .
K e y in c h a lik azoblantiruvchi em otsiya q o ‘zg‘atilishini sez-
g a n s u te m iz u v c h ila r q o ch ish g a harak at qilganlar.
Y u q o r i d a t a ’k i d l a n g a n i d e k , i j o b iy v a s a l b i y h i s -
t u y g ‘u l a m i n g s h u n g a o ‘xsh ash m ark a z la ri b o s h m iy a n in g
b o s h q a b o ‘lim l a r id a h a m jo y la s h g a n . S h u n g a q a r a m a y ,
b u l a r d a n t a s h q a r i , s h a r t l i r a v i s h d a g i r o h a t l a n i s h va
a z o b l a n i s h m a rk a z la ri h a m m avjuddir.
E m o t s i y a l a r b i r - b i r i g a y a q i n m a s o f a d a f a o l i y a t
k o ‘r s a t a d i l a r . T a j r i b a d a m a r k a z l a r i d a n b i r i d a e l e k t r o d
y o r d a m i d a q o ‘z g ‘a!ish eh tiy o jg a q a r a b salbiy yoki ijobiy
e m o t s i y a d a n faqat bittasi vujudga keltirilgan, xolos. B a ’zid a
y o n d o s h j o y l a s h g a n m a r k a z l a r d a q o ‘z g ‘alish t a r q a l g a n
b o ' l s a , u h o l d a a m b i v a l e n t y o k i i k k i y o q la m a re a k siy a
r o ‘y o b g a c h iq a d i. S h artli ra v ish d a n o m l a n g a n ro h a tla n is h
v a a z o b l a n i s h m a r k a z l a r i b i r - b i r i g a y a q in j o y la s h is h ig a
q a r a m a s d a n , h a r xil tu z ilis h g a eg a ekanligi a n iq la n g a n .
M a ’l u m boM ishicha, „ a z o b l a n i s h “ m a rk a z la ri m i y a n i n g
turli b o ‘lim la r ig a jo y la s h s a -d a , lekin u la r y a g o n a tizim bilan
b o s h q a r i l a d i . S albiy e m o t s i y a l a r d a n farqli o l a r o q , ijobiy
h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r v a „ r o h a t l a n i s h “ m a r k a z l a r i o ' z a r o j i p s
a l o q a g a e g a e m a s . M u l o h a z a l a r d a n k o 'r in ib t u rg a n id e k ,
e m o t s i y a l a r juft h a m d a q a r a m a -q a rsh i xususiyatga ega ekan.
S h u n i n g u c h u n
q a t ’iy is h o n c h bilan aytish m u m k in k i ,
h a r q a y s i e m o t s i y a q a r a m a - q a r s h i t u r k u m g a h a m ega.
J u m l a d a n , sevgi — n afrat, y o q im li — y oqim siz , x o tirja m -
lik — bezovtalanish, m a s ’uliyatlilik — loqaydlik va boshqalar.
1.P .P a v lo v , C h .S h e r r i n g t o n , P .K .A n o x in , N . A .B e r n -
s h t e y n , E . N . S o k o l o v , T . V . S i m o n o v , D .L in d s le y , R .U .
L i p e r , B . I . D o d o n o v , U . J e m s v a b o s h q a l a r n i n g t a d q i -
q o t l a r i d a k o 'r s a t i l i s h i c h a , ta h lil q ilin g a n m a r k a z l a r n i n g
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q o ‘z g ‘atilishi s h a r tli re fle k sla r hosil q i l i n i s h i n i m u s t a h -
k am lo v c h i om il h is o b la n a d i. B uning n a t ij a s id a e l e k t r q o kz-
g 'o v c h i y o r d a m i b ila n m iy a katta y a r i m s h a r l a r i n i n g p o ‘st-
log‘ida bilish j a r a y o n l a r i va x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r s t e r e o ti p l a r i-
ning negizini tashkil qiluvchi m u v a q q a t b o g l a n i s h l a r hosil
q ilin a d i. S h a rtli r e f l e k s l a r n i n g s o ‘n is h i, t o r m o z l a n i s h i ,
p o ‘s t l o q n i n g t a n l a s h (s e le k ti v ) t i z i m i m i y a s t v o l i n i n g
u z u n a s ig a t e p a lik o s ti va p o ‘stlo q o sti n e r v t u g u n l a r i d a g i
„ m a r k a z l a r “ n in g fa oliya tiga b o g ‘liqdir. I . P . P a v l o v o ‘sha
d a v r d a y o q , „ d i n a m i k
s t e r e o t i p “ hosil q i l g a n d a n keyin
oliy nerv fa oliya tida u n i n g buzilishi s alb iy h is s iy o tla r ke-
c h ish i u c h u n n eg iz b o kladi, d i n a m i k s t e r e o t i p n i o ld i n d a n
t a y y o rla b , s o 'n g u n i n g o ‘zgarishi ijo b iy h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r n i
p a y d o qiladi, d e b q a t ’iy i s h o n tir g a n edi.
M a ’l u m o tl a r d a n m i y a n in g te palikosti q i s m i d a (g ip o -
t a l a m u s d a ) g i m a r k a z l a r r o h a t l a n i s h y o k i a z o b l a n i s h
vaziyatlari k o ‘p m a r t a ta k ro r la n s a h a m h e c h o ‘zg a rm aslig i,
lekin m iya k a tta y a r im s h a r la ri p o ‘stloqosti n e r v t u g u n c h a -
lari b o 'y l a b y o y ilg a n m a r k a z l a r q o ‘z g ‘a t i ! i s h i n a ti j a s id a
e m o t s i o n a l r e a k s i y a l a r k u c h s i z l a n i s h i , h a t t o s o kn i s h i
kuzatilgan. Bu v o q elik sh u b ilan iz o h la n a d ik i, a q li y faoliyat
v a a x l o q i y k e c h i n m a l a r e m o t s i o n a l l i g i v a o ‘z i n i n g
o kzg aruvchanligi b ila n ajralib tu rad i. B i n o b a r i n , o r g a n iz m -
n in g b irla m c h i ehtiy o jla ri boMgan signal b e r u v c h i e m o t s i o
nal r e a k s i y a l a r t a k r o r a n q o ‘z g ‘a t i l g a n d a n k e y i n h a m
s o 'n m a y d i . S h u n i n g d e k , o r g a n ik j a r o h a t tu fa y li o g ‘riq k a -
m a y m a y d i, m u a y y a n re ak siy alar o ‘z g a r m a g u n c h a j i s m o n i y
m a s h q d a n h u z u r l a n i s h s h a x s n i n g k o ‘n g l i g a t e g m a y d i .
B u n i n g u c h u n a l b a t t a , s a lb iy , ijobiy, a r a l a s h ( a m b i v a
lent) signallar in s o n n i n g hayoti va fa o liy a tid a o kz a h a m i y a -
tini y o kq o tm asligi kerak.
T u r l i m a r k a z l a r q o ‘z g ‘a t i l g a n d a y u z a g a k e l a d i g a n
ro h a tla n is h yoki a z o b la n i s h la r n in g sifatiga, d a r a j a s i g a va
barqarorligiga asoslanganda b a'zi sharoitda hissiy ifodalangan
s h a rtli re fle k to r a l o q a l a r b i r m a r t a d a y o q h o s il b o ‘lishi,
b o s h q a vaz iy a td a es a u rin ish g a q a r a m a y a l o q a ti k la n m a s lig i
m u m k in . Bu o ‘rin d a s h ax sn in g b a r q a r o r e m o t s i o n a l y o ‘n a I-
g a n lig i, m a y l l a r m u s t a h k a m l i g i , r u h iy a ti v a u n i n g t u r -
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m u s h t a r z i n i , h a y o tiy id e a lla r in i t u s h u n t i r is h m u m k in .
M a s a l a n , m a y x o ‘r y o k i n a r k o m a n u c h u n r o h a t l a n i s h
b ila n bogMiq x a t t i- h a r a k a t b i r l a m c h i b o ‘Igan!igi tufayli turli
i j t i m o i y v o q e a l a r ( o i l a v i y a j r a l i s h l a r , i s h x o n a d a g i
k o 'n g i l s i z l i k , ta b i i y o fa t v a b o s h q a l a r ) u n i b u y o i d a n
t o ‘x t a t i b q o l o l m a y d i, lekin m u v a q q a t holat vujudga kelishi
m u m k i n (a y ta y lik b i r n e c h a d a q i q a o ‘zini tiyib tu ris h ),
b i r o q t e z d a tabiiy eh tiy o jg a m u t e l ik qilib, „tarki o d a t —
a m r i m a h o l “ y o ‘s in d a ish tu ta v e ra d i.
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