Zarmed university Faculty of social and economic sciences Student of group 3-3-fi-22 Haydarova Moxiniso's prepared from the subject of introduction to Romano Germanic philology Independent work

Zarmed university Faculty of social and economic sciences Student of group 3-3-FI-22 Haydarova Moxiniso's prepared from the subject of introduction to Romano Germanic philology Independent work

THEME:

dialectal classification of old english written records

As we have already said, the onset of invasion by the members of the four principal Germanic tribes: Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians – began about the middle of the fourth century and their conquest of Britain was completed within the next century and a half. By about AD 600 they established their separate kingdoms, the principal among them being:

• As we have already said, the onset of invasion by the members of the four principal Germanic tribes: Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians – began about the middle of the fourth century and their conquest of Britain was completed within the next century and a half. By about AD 600 they established their separate kingdoms, the principal among them being:
• Those formed by the Angles: Northumbria (north of the river Humber), Mercia (in the center of England) and east Anglia – central eastern part of England;
• Those formed by the Saxons – mainly to the south of the river Thames: Wessex, Sussex and Essex;
• The one formed by the Jutes – Kent.

Only the Frisians did not form a separate kingdom, but intermarried with the population belonging to different tribes.

• Only the Frisians did not form a separate kingdom, but intermarried with the population belonging to different tribes.
• The prevailing importance of these seven kingdoms gave to the next two centuries the title Heptarchy. Gradually three of the seven – Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria – began to establish some sort of domination over their smaller neighbors. It was an important step towards the achieving the eventual unity of England. Another vital factor contributing to the unity was the introduction of Christianity in England in 597 AD, and afterwards the spread of Christianity and changes of the supremacy of this or that kingdom follows almost the same course.

Though the differences between the three types were later to assume considerable importance, they were at first slight, and records of the 8th and 9th centuries reveal that Englisc, as it was collectively called, had by that time emerged as an independent language. The virtually complete geographical separation of England from the Continent was a factor favoring the further development of those characteristic features that already distinguished English from its parent Germanic languages.

Though the differences between the three types were later to assume considerable importance, they were at first slight, and records of the 8th and 9th centuries reveal that Englisc, as it was collectively called, had by that time emerged as an independent language. The virtually complete geographical separation of England from the Continent was a factor favoring the further development of those characteristic features that already distinguished English from its parent Germanic languages.

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