1. What Are Modal Verbs?

1.What Are Modal Verbs?

Modal verbs show possibility, intent, ability, or necessity. Because they’re a type of auxiliary verb (helper verb), they’re used together with the main verbof the sentence. Common examples include can, should, and must.

Here’s a tip: Want to make sure your writing shines? Grammarly can check your spelling and save you from grammar and punctuation mistakes. It even proofreads your text, so your work is extra polished wherever you write. 
WRITE WITH GRAMMARLY
Modal verbs can be tricky, especially when it comes to using them in a sentence. The good news is that they’re simple once you learn how they work. Below, we explain everything you need to know to use modal verbs with ease.
What are modal verbs? 
Modal verbs are used to express certain hypothetical conditions, such as advice, capability, or requests (there’s a full list in the next section). They’re used alongside a main verb to change its meaning slightly. Because they’re auxiliary verbs, they can’t necessarily be used on their own. (A modal verb should only appear alone if it’s clear from context what the main verb is.) 
Consider the difference between these two examples: 
I swim every Tuesday. 
I can swim every Tuesday. 
The first example is a simple factual statement. The speaker participates in a swimming activity every week on Tuesdays. 
The second example uses the modal verb can. Notice how the meaning changes slightly. The speaker does not swim every Tuesday; they’re saying they are capable of swimming every Tuesday if they need to. It’s hypothetical. 
Modal verbs are quite common in English, and you’ve probably seen them hundreds of times without actually knowing their name. The most frequently used ones are: 

• 
  can
  
• 
  may
  
• 
  might
  
• 
  could 
  
• 
  should
  
• 
  would
  
• 
  will
  
• 
  must
  

There are more modal verbs, although the ones above are the most common. Some modal verbs are outdated and rarely used—like shall and ought to—while others are more colloquial—such as got to, need to, or have to. Some express very specific conditions that don’t come up often, like dare, for example, “I dare say.” The phrase used to, as in “I used to be an English student, too,” also behaves like a modal verb. 
When are modal verbs used? 
What special conditions do modal verbs show? Here’s a list of when to use modal verbs, along with examples: 
Likelihood
Some things seem likely, but we don’t know for sure. In these cases, you can use the modal verbs should and must to show probability without certainty. 
Her parents must be so proud. 
My baby brother should be asleep by now. 
Possibility
In situations when something is possible but not certain, use the modal verbs could, may, or might. 
Judging by the clouds, it might rain today. 
She may become the youngest pro soccer player ever. 
Ability
The modal verb can shows whether or not the subject is able to do something, such as perform an action or demonstrate an ability. Likewise, the negative form, cannot or can’t, shows that the subject is unable to do something. 
She can speak three languages, but none of them well. 
You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. 
Asking permission
If you want to ask permission to do something, start your question with can, may, or could. Traditionally, in more formal and polite usage, may is better for permission; if you ask “can I go to the bathroom?” it could be misinterpreted as, “do I have the ability to go to the bathroom?” (However, in modern usage may and can are both perfectly acceptable options when describing possibility or permission.)
May I leave early today? 
Could I play too?
Request
Similarly, if you want to ask someone else to do something, start your question with will, would, can, or could. 
Would you get that box off the top shelf? 
Will you turn that music down? 
Suggestion/advice
What if you want to recommend something, but not command it? If you’re giving suggestions or advice without ordering someone around, you can use the modal verb should. 
You should try the lasagna. 
That guy should wear less cologne. 
Command
On the other hand, if you want to command someone, use the modal verbs must, have to, or need to. 
You must wash your hands before cooking. 
You need to be here before 8:00. 
Obligation or necessity
Modal verbs can express a necessary action, such as an obligation, duty, or requirement. Likewise, the negative form expresses that an action is notnecessary. Use the same modal verbs as with commands: must, have to, or need to. 
We have to wait for our boss to arrive before we open. 
You don’t need to come if you don’t want to. 
Habit
To show an ongoing or habitual action—something the subject does regularly—you can use the modal verb would for the past tense and will for the present and future. The phrase used to is also acceptable if you’re talking about a habit that no longer exists. 
When I lived alone, I would fall asleep with music. 
I will arrive early and leave late to every meeting. 
How to use modal verbs (with examples)
Luckily, using modal verbs in a sentence is pretty simple. For basic sentences—the simple present tense—just remember these rules: 

• 
  Modal verbs always come directly before the main verb (except for questions).
  
• 
  With modal verbs, use the infinitive form of the main verb without “to”.
  

So, if you want to brag about your ability to eat an entire pizza, you take the infinitive form of “eat” without “to”—which is simply “eat”—and add the modal verb “can” in front of it. The rest of the sentence continues as normal. 
I can eat an entire pizza. 
For questions, you still use the infinitive form of the main verb, but the order is a little different: 
[modal verb] + [subject] + [main verb]
So let’s rephrase the example above as a question:
Can you eat an entire pizza? 
Because modal verbs largely deal with general situations or hypotheticals that haven’t actually happened, most of them are in the present tenses. However, some of them can be used in different verb tenses, so let’s talk a little about how to construct them. 
Present tenses
We already covered the simple present above, but you can also use modal verbs in the present continuous and present perfect continuous tenses.