China's experience of organizing small business and entrepreneurship and issues of its use in Uzbekistan

China's experience of organizing small business and entrepreneurship and issues of its use in Uzbekistan.
Namangan state university
Faculty of Economics
3-course student
Tillanazarov Zuhriddin To’xtamurod’s son
Abstract:This article provides information on the Chinese experience of organizing small business and entrepreneurship and its use in Uzbekistan.
Key words: Entrepreneurship, foreign experience, Chinese experience, small business, enterprise.
In order to further stabilize small business and private entrepreneurship in our country, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Fundamentally improving the system of organizing work on the protection of private property and strengthening the guarantees of the rights of owners, additional measures to support entrepreneurship" on business initiatives, as well as Resolution No. PF-5780 dated August 13, 2019, "On expanding the opportunities for business entities to use financial resources and production infrastructure" and the Republic of Uzbekistan Decision No. PQ-4417 dated August 13, 2019 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the organization of the activities of the Small Business Economy and Industry and Entrepreneurship Development Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan under the Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan" was adopted. [1] One of the main goals of establishing a socially oriented market economy in Uzbekistan is the development or development of small business and private entrepreneurship. To achieve this goal, economic reforms were carried out, large institutional frameworks were created to increase its role. These include legal and regulatory documents, non-governmental non-commercial organizations, and enterprises assisting entrepreneurs in organizing and guaranteeing entrepreneurial activity. The establishment of a private entrepreneurship and small business complex in Uzbekistan continues successfully. Enterprises that are engaged in small business activities independently of the state, that is, without large capital expenditures, can introduce jobs themselves, reduce the shortage of temporarily available goods, and even completely eliminate this shortage. The activities of small enterprises in our current society it is necessary to focus on meeting the needs of some people. This is clearly visible in the production of household services and consumer goods. Small enterprises are also of great importance in the introduction of technological innovations. The first scientific research on the field of legal regulation of business activity was conducted by legal scientist B. Ibratov. Based on the fact that all the actions of an entrepreneur consist mainly of analyzing market opportunities, using them and implementing innovative ideas, he is not a traditional class definition of an entrepreneur, leading to the essence of capitalist exploitation, but he is a human being. This is a function of the activity in the field, which explains the need to pay attention to its place in society and its social importance.
Also, an entrepreneur is defined as a set of organizational, economic, financial, legal and other economic relations that provide reproduction and production services in separate segments of the market economy. It is an important factor in increasing income. In the last two and a half years, more than fifty decrees and decisions of the President were adopted in order to provide comprehensive support to the representatives of the industry. In particular, the procedures for state registration of business activities, obtaining various permits and providing many other services have been simplified. For this, the State Services Agency and its local centers have been established. The position of representative (business ombudsman) for the protection of the rights and legal interests of business entities was introduced. Reception offices of the Prime Minister have been established in all regions, and they receive and help solve businessmen's appeals. The activities of the State Fund for the Support of Entrepreneurship Development under the Cabinet of Ministers were launched, and 200 billion soums and 50 million dollars were allocated to it. At the same time, the volume of loans granted by commercial banks to entrepreneurs increased. Such practical measures are bearing fruit. Small business provides about 60% of the country's gross domestic product, a third of the volume of industrial products, 98% of agricultural products, and half of investments. In many regions, 70-90 percent of exports go to small businesses.
China's experience shows that small business and private entrepreneurship are the main factors of sustainable economic growth, it is an economy that can quickly adapt to changes in the economic situation, constantly requires new techniques and technologies, and has high labor productivity. is widely operating.
In fact, small business and private entrepreneurship increase the volume of production, provide new jobs and private entrepreneurship, develop entrepreneurship, develop entrepreneurship and increase its size. Therefore, today, based on the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country, the middle class of owners has the opportunity to supply the domestic market with relatively cheap and high-quality necessary goods, to provide new jobs, and to export manufactured products. They are focusing on industrial development by draining business resources. Consider implementation as exploitation.[4]
In fact, in 2019, 92 thousand new micro-enterprises (excluding farmers and farms) were established, which is 1.9 times more than in 2018. Trade (39.1%), Industry (21.0%), construction (9.4%), agriculture, forestry and fisheries (8.0%), the largest number of small businesses and micro-enterprises. established in food (8%), transport and storage (3.2%), accommodation and nutrition. By the end of 2019, 262,984.4 billion soums of added value, or 56.5% of the total added value in the economy, was created. The share of small entrepreneurship (business) in the gross added value of the main sectors of the economy is 98.6% in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 78.7% in construction, 40.7% in production, 31.6% in industry. . In 2020, the number of newly established small organizations and micro-enterprises was 46,600 (excluding farms). The number of small enterprises and micro-enterprises is divided into trade (35.6 percent), industry (20.9 percent), agriculture, forestry and fishing (18.3 percent), construction (7.1 percent), household and catering. is coming. It is organized in on-site (5.3%), transport and storage (2.5%) sectors.[3]
Small business support in developed countries is a complex complex structure of state importance, in which the protection of the rights and interests of entrepreneurs is legally based, and entrepreneurs use the opportunities of credit resources at a preferential rate. They have preferential opportunities in paying taxes, they use the total advantage and innovation in production, finance, science, market infrastructure and all the factors that serve economic growth in their interests. It should be noted that in a country, when conducting a clearly targeted and strict economic policy to support small businesses, it should take into account the specific characteristics of the economic structures, mentality, etc. of the population living in its territory. [2] Other factors. should be taken into account.
If we look at the experience of Japan, even in developed countries, the place of small business in the economy is given special importance. As a result of the rapid development of small businesses in the Japanese economy, Japan created the "Japanese miracle" and achieved the highest results in the world in this regard, that is, Japan's per capita income reached 40,000 US dollars, while small businesses before development reforms, this figure was only 600 US dollars. The Japanese multinational company "Yamaha", which is the leader in the Chinese industry, produces products worth several tens of billions of US dollars a year worldwide. It started as a small cooperative (workshop) that repaired human powered bicycles.[5]
Foreign experience, first of all, is one of the important economic processes in developing countries, it is the development of small business, and any effective activity aimed at the interests of society will be of state importance and support. After all, the activity of small business will increase, it will adapt to the establishment of local entrepreneurship more effectively, it will fill the market of our country with goods and products, thereby contributing to the development of exports, and it will serve to increase the employment and real income of the population. As a result, growth leads to marriage and reproduction of the population. Secondly, the globalization of the economy, while the world market is becoming physically stronger, is not a business of maneuvering, changing the direction of production, and collecting. It is easy to take economic measures like society. It can be seen that there is a system of development of the comprehensive support system for minors in the problems, and the strengthening of this situation ensures the development of the socio-economic environment. This indicates that the state support mechanism has fully increased.

In conclusion, in the world practice and in the conditions of the market market economy, it is necessary to ensure that small and private entrepreneurship becomes important in socio-economic production, creation of new jobs, rapid adaptation to market changes, and belonging to business entities. in enterprises and high efficiency assessment confirms. Many companies are paying a lot of attention to market relations in small business development.

References: 1. Decision PQ-2750 of February 1, 2017 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve mechanisms for providing state services to business entities"
2. Boltaboev M.A., Kasimova M.S., Ergashkhojaev Sh.J., Samadov A.N. Small business and entrepreneurship. Tashkent ADIB PUBLISHING, 2011.
3. David Cadden, Sandra Lueder - The Saylor Foundation. Small Business Management in the 21st Century. 2014.
4. Greg Brue - Entrepreneur Press. Six Sigma for Small Business. 2006.
5.www.ziyonet.uz