Consumption Tax Trends* - New Zealand
VAT rate 2020
1. VAT/GST refers to value added tax/goods and services tax
Source: OECD Tax Database 1st January 2020
VAT Revenue Ratio
The figures may not present the difference to the second decimal point accurately due to rounding
* Information presented on this page is only a summary of more detailed information available in the Tax Database and Consumption Tax Trends publication
Source: OECD Consumption Tax Trends 2020; oe.cd/vatgst-trends; OECD Tax Database oe.cd/tax-database
New Zealand's standard GST rate is 15.0%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the
OECD was 19.2% as of 31 December 2020. The previous standard GST rate in New Zealand was 12.5% in 2009. It
changed to the current level in September 2010. New Zealand applies a reduced rate of 0% to a number of goods and
services. GST was introduced in New Zealand in 1986 at a standard rate of 10.0%. Since then the minimum and maximum
standard rates have been at 10.0% and 15.0% respectively.
The VAT Revenue Ratio (VRR) for New Zealand was 0.99 in 2018, above the OECD average of 0.56. The VRR is a
measure of the revenue raising performance of a VAT system. A ratio of 1 would reflect a VAT system that applies a single
VAT rate to a comprehensive base of all expenditure on goods and services consumed in an economy - with perfect
enforcement of the tax. New Zealand's VRR increased from 0.96 in 2016 to 0.99 in 2018. The lowest VRR was recorded in
the year 1990 at 0.92 and the highest level in 2010 at 1.10.
27.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 23.0 23.0 22.0 22.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 19.0 18.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.7
5.0
OECD unweighted average, 19.2%
▼
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
VAT/GST
1
standard rates in 2020 and 2015
2020
2015
%
OECD, 19.2
NZL, 15.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
VAT/GST
1
standard rates over time
%
OECD, 0.56
NZL, 0.99
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
VAT Revenue Ratio
Consumption Tax Trends 2020
VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues
oe.cd/vatgst-trends
International VAT/GST Guidelines
oe.cd/international-vat-gst-guidelines
Source: OECD Consumption Tax Trends 2020
http://www.oecd.org/tax/consumption-tax-trends-19990979.htm
Contacts
The International VAT/GST Guidelines present a set of
internationally agreed standards and recommended approaches
to address the issues that arise from the uncoordinated
application
of
national
VAT
systems
in
the
context
of
international trade.
They focus in particular on trade in services and intangibles,
which poses increasingly important challenges for the design
and operation of VAT systems worldwide.
They
notably
include
the
recommended
principles
and
mechanisms to address the challenges for the collection of VAT
on cross-border sales of digital products that had been identified
in the context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base and Erosion
and Profit Shifting (the BEPS Project).
Consumption Tax Trends provides information on Value Added
Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates
in OECD member countries.
It also contains information about international aspects of
VAT/GST developments and the efficiency of this tax. It
describes a range of other consumption taxation provisions on
tobacco, alcoholic beverages and motor vehicles.
David Bradbury
Centre for Tax Policy and Administration
Head, Tax Policy and Statistics Division
David.Bradbury@oecd.org
Stéphane Buydens
Centre for Tax Policy and Administration
VAT Policy Advisor
Stephane.Buydens@oecd.org