Introduction - Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specializes in this field.
- Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from other areas of science and technology.
- Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primarry metabolism, chemical products, diseases, and plant taxonomy.
Introduction - Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues.
- Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification,
- Plants are multicellular eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
- Plants provide oxygen to animals and humans .
- A lawn of 4,000 sq. feet provides enough oxygen for a family of five.
- Plants in the world forests, rangelands and the tropical rain forest provide oxygen globally.
- Plants are a source (usually the first) of food for animals and humans in the food chain.
PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMANS IN MANY WAYS - Plants are essential to the balance of nature and in people's lives.
- Green plants, i.e., those possessing chlorophyll, manufacture their own food and give off oxygen in the process called photosynthesis,
- Plants are the ultimate source of food and metabolic energy for nearly all animals, which cannot manufacture their own food.
PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMANS IN MANY WAYS - Starches and sugars, the foods that plants make and store for their own growth, are also the fundamental nutrients that humans and other organisms need in order to live.
- Besides foods (e.g., grains, fruits, and vegetables), plant products essential to humans include wood and wood products, fibers, drugs, oils, latex, pigments, and resins.
- Much human clothing is made from material that comes directly from plants.
- Cotton is the principal plant used for clothing manufacture. Artificial textile fibers, such as rayon, are manufactured chiefly from cellulose, which is found mainly in the cell walls of plants.
PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMANS IN MANY WAYS - Coal and petroleum are fossil substances of plant origin.
- Plants provide people not only food but shelter, clothing, medicines, fuels, and the raw materials from which number of other products are made.
- Cellulose, found in great abundance in many plant parts, is a basic ingredient of certain plastics and other synthetic substitutes for natural fibers, leather, glass, rubber, jewels, stone, and metal.
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PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMANS IN MANY WAYS - Through the ages, people have found that certain plants could be used to relieve pains and considered them as medicinal plant
- Most physicians in ancient cultures were experts in medicinal plants.
- Medicinal substances are still being discovered in plants.
- Many plants are invaluable sources of vitamins, whose importance to human growth and health is very important
PLANTS ARE IMPORTANT TO HUMANS IN MANY WAYS - Plants are essential parts of ecosystems.
- Most of the energy consumed in terrestrial ecosystems is provided by plants, Plants absorb minerals, such as potassium and phosphorus, from the soil.
- These are stored in plant tissues and are an essential part of the diet of animals that eat plants.
Plants can be used to modify the environment by providing: - Shade
- Erosion control
- Protection for watershed
- Noise control
- Beautification
- Production of nitrogen to enrich the soil
- Plants act as settling chambers for particulate pollution (Particles of pollution taken from the air.)
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