M O R P H O L O G I C A L
S T R U C T U R E O F A
L A N G U A G E . M O R P H E M E
The morphological analysis of words. Levels of the
morphological analysis: morphemic and derivational. The aim of
the morphemic analysis. The method of immediate and ultimate
constituents. Morphemic segmentability of English words. The
derivational analyses, its aim. The derivative structure of the
word, derivational bases, derivational affixes, derivational
patterns
All words consist of morphemes. A morpheme is the
smallest invisible meaningful language unit within the
structure of the word. Like a word, a morpheme is a two-
faced language unit (every morpheme has a certain sound
form & a certain meaning).
E.g. builder (build – root morpheme, er – suffix)
But unlike a word, a morpheme is not independent, it can
occur in speech only as a constituent part of a word.
Morphemes may have different phonetic or gr. forms.
E.g. pleasing, pleasant, pleasure (one root morpheme is
represented by different phonetic shapes: плиз, плэз,
плэж)
All the representations of a given morpheme are called
allomorphs. Allomorphs (or morpheme variants) are
positional variants (phonetic & graphical) of a given
language.
There are different types of morphemes in English:
1) Acc. to their meaning & the role in word-building all
morphemes are divided into 2 groups: root-morphemes
(roots) & affixational morphemes (affixes).
The root morpheme is the lexical nucleus, the semantic
centre of the word. The root-morpheme is a common part of
a word-building means.
E.g. work, worker, workable, workday
There are also pseudo-morphemes. It occur in such words
as: retain, detain/ receive, deceive - the sound clusters (‘re’
& ‘de’) can be easily signed out because they occur in a
number of words. And they look like prefixes (re write) but
they have nothing in common with these prefixes ‘re’ & ‘de.
Theyare called quasi-morphemes. These are morphemes
which make up words of conditional segmentability & do not
possess the status of full morphemes for semantic reasons.
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