MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY
SPECIALIZED EDUCATION OF UZBEKISTAN
SAMARKAND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE
Theme: Literature of Uzbekistan
Group:110
Faculty: Agricultural mechanization
Done by:
Davronov Bunyod
Checked by:
Ismatova Yu.
Samarkand 2014
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
Plan:
1. The largest genre of the Uzbek folklore
2. the most blooming period of Uzbek literature
3. One of the bright lyric poets of the 15th century
Uzbekistan - Literature
The most ancient samples of the Uzbek literature concern to poetic
creativity, integral part of culture of the Uzbek people. The large place
belongs to fair)' tales such as about the animals, magical- fantastic themes
and household stories. Among the latter a latifa ('jokes') genre is
developed. The national imagination created a collective image of
Nasriddin Afandi, the main hero and wise character of Uzbek national
jokes.
The largest genre of the Uzbek folklore is dastan ('poem'). It was
executed usually in support of musical tools. There are more than 300
dastans (100 plots) were written down. The brightest samples are: the
heroic epic of"Alpomysh", heroic- romantic epic of "Gur-ughli" (more
than 40 plots), military epic "Ynsuf and Akhmad", "Tokhir and Zukhra",
and others. The book version, as a rule, was borrowed from classical
products "Farkhod and Shirin", "Layli va Majnun".
Pre-Islamic culture is represented by insignificant number of
written monuments in Old Turkic languages: "Penitential prayer of
Manicheans" (the 5th century) and Orkhun-Yenisey writings (7-12th
centuries), "Kutadghu-Bilig" ('knowledge', 'giving happiness') (1069) of
Yusuf Bolosoghuny, "Khibatul Khakaik" ('a souvenir of truths') by
Akhmad Yugnaky, and especially, Devoni Lughati Turk ('dictionary of
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
the Turkic languages) (1072-74) by Makhmud Kashghary are among the
finest examples of Uzbek literature. Since the 14th century the Uzbek
literature developed intensively and rather diverse. The period saw the
emergence of a secular theme (a love epic with Biblical- Quranic topic,
"Yusufand Zulaykho" by Durbek in l4-15th centuries.)
Also, the most blooming period of Uzbek literature came on the
scene during the period of Amir Temur. Diverse forms of brilliant poetic
works achieved the special popularity. Compositions by Akhmad
Yassavy, Akhmad Yugnaky and Khorazmy were widely popular among
the public. Amir Temur himself highly respected Yassavy for his
geniality, and built a majestic monument on his grave.
Special attention on the part of Amir Temur towards literature and
arts has become a fair tradition to the entire Temur dynasty. Uzbek
literature of that period served a significant stage in its historical
development. Humanitarian values and great ideas are still urgent in it,
and still preserved their value.
One of the bright lyric poets of the 15th century was Lutfy, who in
his poems used to highlight an ideal love, Poems by Atai and Sakkakv are
also among brilliant examples. And, certainly, the special place belongs
to works by Alisher Navoi. He combined his lyrics in four collections,
including kasidas, gazek kitas, rubais and others.
The cornerstone of his poetry is "Khamsa" ("Five stories"). In the
anthology "The Assembly of Scientists" Navoi briefly describes famous
poets of the 15th century. Also, in his many works he talked about
theories of ethics and aesthetics. His treatise, namely "Weight of the
sizes" served a significant development in Uzbek lyrics.
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
In the 16th century numerous literary and historical works as well
as their translations into Uzbek language were produced. Historical
events of the 16th century were told in "Shayboniynoma"(1506), as well
as in the works by Zakhiriddin Muhammad Bobur, who is said to have
led records throughout his life, which later had become a source for his
autobiographical work, entitled "Boburnama", a remarkable literary and
historical essay.
Later on, works by Turdi (Faroghy), Mashrab and other poets saw
large popularity. The influence of folklore upon the written literature was
on the rise. Many topics for legends served a basis for creation of large
literary works (poems Yusufand Zubykbo by Nozim Khisrav, "Tokhir and
Zukhra" by Sayyodi, "Bakhrom and Gulandom" by Saykali, and others).
In the 18-19 centuries the Ferghana Valley, Khorezm and
Bukhara
became the largest literary' centers of the region. Poems by Nishaty
Khorazmy came on the scene, influenced enormously by works of Navoi
and Fuzily. Nodira and Uvaisy wrote about traditional theme of love. In
early 19th century satirical pamphlets by Gulkhany, Makhmur and
Agakhy were popular. Works by Munis, his historical "Heavenly garden
of joy", finished later on by Agakhy, the author of the vast " Talisman of
those in love", became a masterpiece of the Uzbek classic literature.
There were progressive poets of the period such as Mukumy, Furkat,
Avaz Otar, Zavky, Khamza Khakimzoda Niyozy, Sadriddin Ainy, and
Anbar Otin. In 1915 Khamza set up a theatrical group and wrote plays on
local themes. In early 20th century new poets and writers emerged in
Uzbek literature, such as A. Kocliry, A. Chulpon, A. Fitrat, Oybek, G.
Gulom, A, Kakhkhor, Kh. Olimjon, Uyghun, and K. Yashin. New genres
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
like political satire, feuilleton, and pamphlet came on the scene. In 1923
satirical magazine "Mushtum" began to be published.
In 20 and 30s of the last century, the poetry prevailed in Uzbek literature.
In 5O-6Os various stories and novels by authors such as I. Rakhim,
Oybek, Shukhrat, S. Akhmad came on the scene. Oybek, Abdulla
Kakhkhor, and Ibrakhim Rakhim wrote about the countryside life. Also,
the historical theme saw its rise. However, spiritual shape of the
contemporary person remained as the main topic in literature. Among
such works there are novels by P. Kodirov, A. Yokubov, and
Murmukhsin. In early 60s, stories and memoirs were further developed.
One could observe a delicate mastery in the diversity of genres in the
poetry by Shukrullo, E.Vokhidov, T. Tula, A. Oripov, Zulfiya, and
others.
Historic and biographic themes in the works by Uighun, Izzat Sulton, and
others occupy a significant place in the playwriting, as well. The Uzbek
literature during the period of independence is a not just another historical
stage in the development of the national literature, but it is a display of
the new art - aesthetic phenomenon, with its new creative features.
It became independent of ruling communist regime and ceased to be a
state literature. Respectively, the state stopped rewarding for "services"
and punishing for "disobedience". Now the modern Uzbek literature cares
of spiritual enrichment of each individual, and perfection of social
structures and industrial attitudes are no longer main topics for it
anymore. It wishes to understand the person deeper - in all of its variety
of interpersonal relations. A person has become its main subject, but not a
typical hero given some typical circumstances.
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
The modern Uzbek literature delivers itself of primitivism, becomes
diverse, more courageous in the choice of a form and style. However with
freedom of creativity and plurality of opinions, there is a danger of dull
works to come on the scene. The Uzbek poetry, continuing a centuries-
long tradition, remains as the leading genre of the national literature.
The attitude and poetic realization of the world saw a new stage in the
poems by Omon Matchon, Barat Boykobulov, Sirojiddin Sayyid,
Normurod Narzullaev, Shavkat Rakhmon, Chulpon Ergash, Azim Suyun,
Usmon Azim, Ikrom Otamurod, Abduvali Kutbiddin, Aziz Said,
Bakhrom Ruzimuhammad, Muhammad Yusuf, Iqbol Mirzo, and others.
Contemporary poetry pays a great deal of attention towards not only
circumstances and enthusiasm, but also reflection of complex spiritual
state and strive for realization of the sacred feelings of an individual,
study of his rich and diverse soul.
"Ancestors" ("Turkiylar"), "Acknowledgment" ("Iqror") by Sh.
Rakhmon, "Confession" ("Istighfor"), "The white and black" ("Oq va
qora") by Azim Suyun,"Non-axplanatory dictionary" ("Izohsiz lughat")
by Abduvali Kutbidin, "Dream" ("Tush"), "Way" ("Yo'l") by A. Said are
typical examples of the modern poetry. For this period variety of the
forms and styles, and wish to combine leading traditions of poetry of the
East and West are common.
Sourses:
http.//www.google.uz
http.//www.ziyo-net.uz
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version
www.pdffactory.com
Dostları ilə paylaş: |