Theme: For and since. When ? and How long ?

THEME: For and since. When ... ? and How long ... ?

PLAN:

when they were at school.

2. how long и when.
3. since they were at school.

For и since / When ... ? и How long ... ?

A
Мы используем for и since, чтобы сказать о том, как долго (how long) что-либо происходит (has been happening).
Мы используем for + промежуток времени (two hours, six weeks и др.):
Мы используем since + начало промежутка времени (8 o’clock, Monday, 2009 и др.):

• 
  I’ve been waiting for two hours.
  

• 
  I’ve been waiting since 8 o’clock.
  

for
two hours
20 minutes
five days
a long time
six months
50 years
a week
ages
years
since
8 o’clock
Monday
12 May
April
1985
Christmas
lunchtime
we arrived
I got up

• 
  Sally has been working here for six months. (not since six months)
  
• 
  I haven’t seen Tom for three days. (not since three days)
  

• 
  Sally has been working here since April. (= from April until now)
  
• 
  I haven’t seen Tom since Monday. (= from Monday until now)
  

Можно не включать for в предложение (но обычно не в отрицательных предложениях и лучше не привыкать к этому):

• 
  They’ve been married (for) ten years. (с или без for)
  
• 
  They haven’t had a holiday for ten years. (здесь for обязательно)
  

For и all ... (all day / all my life и др.) вместе не используются:

• 
  I’ve lived here all my life. (not for all my life)
  

B
Сравните when ... ? (+ past simple) и how long ... ? (+ present perfect):

A: When did it start raining?
B: It started raining an hour ago / at 1 o’clock.
A: How long has it been raining?
B: It’s been raining for an hour / since 1 o’clock.

A: When did Joe and Carol first meet?
B: They first met	{	a long time ago.
		when they were at school.
A: How long have they known each other?
They’ve known each other	{	for a long time.
		since they were at school.

C
Мы говорим ‘It’s (a long time / two years etc.) since something happened’:

• 
  It’s two years since I last saw Joe. (= I haven’t seen Joe for two years = Я не видел Джо два года.)
  
• 
  It’s ages since we went to the cinema. (= We haven’t been to the cinema for ages = Мы уже целую вечность не были в кино)
  

Вы можете спросить ‘How long is it since ... ?’:

• 
  How long is it since you last saw Joe? (= When did you last see Joe? = Когда ты последний раз видел Джо?)
  
• 
  How long is it since Mrs Hill died? (= When did Mrs Hill die? = Когда умерла миссис Хилл?)
  

Вы также можете сказать ‘It’s been (= It has been) ... since ... ’:

• 
  It’s been two years since I last saw Joe.
  

Упражнения

1. Выберите for или since.
Начало формы

1. 
   It’s been raining  lunchtime.
   
2. 
   Sarah has lived in Paris 1995.
   
3. 
   Paul has lived in London ten years.
   
4. 
   I’m tired of waiting. We’ve been sitting here an hour.
   
5. 
   Kevin has been looking for a job he left school.
   
6. 
   I haven’t been to a party ages.
   
7. 
   I wonder where Joe is. I haven’t seen him last week.
   
8. 
   Jane is away. She’s been away Friday.
   
9. 
   The weather is dry. It hasn’t rained a few weeks.
   

Конец формы

2. Напишите вопросы с how long и when.

1. 
   It’s raining.
   (how long?)
   
   (when?)
   
   
2. 
   Kate is learning Japanese.
   (how long / learn?)
   
   (when / start?)
   
   
3. 
   I know Simon.
   (how long / you / know?)
   
   (when / you / first / meet?)
   
   
4. 
   Rebecca and David are married.
   (how long?)
   
   (when?)
   
   

3. Прочитайте ситуации и закончите предложения.

1. 
   It’s raining. It’s been raining since lunchtime. It  at lunchtime.
   
2. 
   Ann and Sue are friends. They first met years ago. They’ve  years.
   
3. 
   Joe is ill. He became ill on Sunday. He has  Sunday.
   
4. 
   Joe is ill. He became ill a few days ago. He has  a few days.
   
5. 
   Liz is married. She’s been married for a year. She got  .
   
6. 
   You have a headache. It started when you woke up. I’ve  I woke up.
   
7. 
   Sue has been in Italy for the last three weeks. She went  .
   
8. 
   You’re working in a hotel. You started six months ago. I’ve 
   

References

1. 
   ^ Treanor, Brian (2006). Aspects of alterity: Levinas, Marcel, and the contemporary debate. Fordham University Press. p. 41.
   
2. 
   ^ Klein, Ernest, A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, 1969, p.1317
   
3. 
   ^ Saeed, John (10 February 2003). Semantics. Blackwell. p. 12. ISBN 0-631-22693-1.
   
4. 
   ^ Engle, Eric (2010). Lex Naturalis, Ius Naturalis: Law as Positive Reasoning & Natural Rationality. Melbourne, Australia: The Rlias Clark Group. p. 75.
   
5. 
   ^ Powers, William (2005). Behavior: The Control of Perception (2nd ed.). New Canaan, Connecticut: Benchmark Publications. pp. 47 & 299.
   
6. 
   ^ Reimer, Marga (2009). "Reference". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy