Theoretical principles of education of students on the base of educational values

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION OF STUDENTS ON THE BASE OF EDUCATIONAL VALUES
Choriyeva Surayyo
Teacher of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute


Annotation: This article provides scientific information about the methods of improving the system of preparing students for pedagogical activities based on educational values, the history of the origin and roots of values.
Key words: value, education, knowledge, qualification, student, theory of scientists, logos, philosophy, idea.
Due to independence, our views on values changed rapidly. In Uzbekistan, attention to values has increased, its various aspects are being analyzed by scientists and experts. Many topics of the philosophy of values - axiology occupy a special place in the scientific research of our experts.
The history of the subject of values, its roots, and the formation of principles of human appreciation have a long history. In this regard, Western scientists mainly rely on the European cultural heritage and ideas, and mention the names of many scholars. The formation of the science of axiology (aksio - value, logos - teaching) in the West, which deals with values, is a certain basis for their views. We do not doubt that this topic, which Socrates and Plato, Aristotle and Hegel paid great attention to, has its own history in Western philosophy.
But this topic is not alien to the ancient and modern East, especially Uzbekistan! Searching for its deepest aspects not only from the West, but also from the East is probably not without benefits. There are traces of this theme in the works of thinkers such as Khorezmi, Farabi, al-Bukhari, al-Tirmizi, Beruni, Ibn Sina, Najmuddin Kubra, Yassavi, Naqshband, Ulug'bek, Navoi, Mashrab, Bedil, Behbudi, Avloni, whose names are forever etched in the history of our civilization. , deep edges are opened. It is a matter of finding these traces, not forgetting them, polishing them, and interpreting them objectively from the point of view of contemporary realities.
The history of the evaluation criteria created by our generations and ancestors goes back to the oldest tales, legends, stories, epics, i.e. examples of folk oral creativity. In the works about Spitamen, Muqanna and Jalaluddin Manguberdi, legends and epics about Alpomish, To'maris and Shiroq, many universal values are described, such as patriotism, sacrifice for the freedom of the people and the country. A bright example of our spiritual heritage is that "Avesta" is the sacred book of Zoroastrianism, in which the value system of this religion, criteria of appreciation, national ideas of that time are vividly expressed.
VIII-XII centuries are of great importance in the development of views on appreciation. During this period, the Arab invasion was carried out, and Islam became the dominant religion. It should be recognized that the issues of divine value and appreciation described in the Qur'an and Hadiths have influenced the history and culture of our people. At the same time, it should be noted that many of our national values were lost during the Arab invasion. Beruni regretfully wrote about this in his work "Memorials from Ancient Nations".
The importance of the issue is more clearly reflected in the work and heritage of the famous encyclopedic scientists - Khorezmi, Farabi, Beruni, ibn-Sina, al-Farghani, and other prominent representatives of our civilization. After all, they made a huge contribution to the development of not only Central Asia, Arab-Muslim civilization, but also world culture, and served to spread the influence of our country's values to the whole world.
The meaning of value in everyday life is manifested in the communication between people, in the news of mass media. In everyday life, in the eyes of many, things (for example, valuables, jewelry), natural phenomena, social events, demands in society, dreams and hopes, traditions and rituals, cultural assets, etc. are understood as values. In addition, people also apply the concept of "value" to the goals, dreams, or ideals that they believe in, sometimes aspire to, are interested in, or dream about. So, the expression "value" used by many people in everyday life is used to refer to an object, thing, event, etc., which acquires a necessary importance for people.
When it is emphasized that objects of nature and culture satisfy human needs and serve their goals, their usefulness and value are mainly meant. Indeed, the economic value of things is of great importance to people. But if the value of the object is not taken into account, the axiological aspect of the matter is not revealed. The category of value differs from the concept that represents the economic value of an item or things.
In this sense, value is not applied to the value of things and objects, but to express the value and social importance of forms, situations, things, events, events, processes, conditions, qualities, demands and procedures, etc. is a philosophical category used for This category expresses not only the value of the object of value, but also its social significance, philosophical and axiological content, value for society and man.
In most of the scientific and philosophical sources (mainly in Russian) devoted to the problem of values, there are cases of comparing the concept of value (cennost) with the concept of price (ocenka), considering them as concepts of the same level and scope. When these two concepts are compared, the concept of value is not taken into account. Perhaps, this situation can be caused by the fact that the Russian words "ocenka" and "cena" have a similar meaning (more economic) concepts. The Russian language does not use the word qadr, it does not have a Russian translation. The concept of value has a rich meaning and content in the Uzbek language, it indicates that some phrases and words in our language have a unique oriental philosophical content.
The meaning and importance of value may not be fully reflected in the concept of "valuation" and may be expressed in different ways. There are also cases where it is difficult to determine the real value, content and importance of a value based on its price. In fact, knowing the value of a value, realizing its importance and evaluating it are integral aspects of each other. If the importance of the value is not understood, if its value is not properly understood, it cannot be properly assessed. In this sense, the assessment of value also expresses the attitude towards it, which in turn is related to the demands, needs and goals of people. The more people with different goals and needs participate in the evaluation of the value, the more difficult it is to determine its true value.
In value studies, it is considered that there is a difference between the concept of value and the object to which this concept is connected. If value is not considered as a philosophical concept that expresses a given value, it is clear that there are countless definitions for it. Because there are so many things, events, events, processes, places and qualities, ideals and goals that are valued in the world. The concept of value cannot be a direct name, term or direct name for any of them, but appears as a concept that means their value.
Despite the fact that people live in the same society, in the same era and in similar conditions, the value of this or that thing is perceived, understood and interpreted differently. Under the influence of social processes, people's ideas and views about values change, which is related to changes in people's living conditions, life and spiritual image in the process of development.
Accordingly, everyone's sense of appreciation is not always the same, positive and negative views, different aspects form opposite sides of any value. Concepts such as good and bad, truth and injustice, happiness and sadness, development and decline, which seem to be completely opposite to each other according to their positivity and negativity, evaluation and importance, are contradictory and contradictory in life. represents closely related aspects.
Among the forms of manifestation of values, which are important factors of education, there are those that permanently retain their importance and positive characteristics. These are the vitality of the human body, life and life, health, work, knowledge, behavior. they will keep their social importance as long as there are people and society. Unfortunately, their opposite, disease, meaningless life, lack of knowledge, etc. are also companions of historical processes. As long as there is life - death, existence is the greatest thing - absence, man is a living creature - disease, the purpose of living is a meaningful life - some meaningless steps, one of the necessary conditions for living and as long as there is awareness - ignorance, as long as there is a desire for progress - decline and others will always haunt humanity. The importance of the above positive values is also determined in relation to aspects that are opposite to them. Teaching the inner and outer aspects of such axiological connections is of great importance in the formation of mature spiritual feelings in young people, especially students and pupils.
In space and time, these objects of value appear as some form of existence, aspect, part of reality, things in the world and the most important aspects of the environment. in this sense, the forms of values that are universal, global and regional and depend on a small area or place. can be shown. In this case, the dialectic of generality, specificity and individuality appears in the form of the interaction of modern terms "global", "zonal" and "local" value objects.
Along with the above values, universal and universal human values in the society are also important for the existence of the society and people's life. Their categories related to society, its structure, social units and forms of social consciousness can be shown. For example, it depends on the national, class, racial and other forms of social consciousness inherent in the structure of society: political, legal, moral, religious, and on the main spheres of society: economic, social, cultural, spiritual. Differences between forms of social value are not absolute, but relative. there are no impassable boundaries between them.
The value of a person is manifested in the dialectical relationship with the time in which he lives, the processes in it, social and historical conditions. The requirements of the environment and time shape and polish the value of a person, and he himself moves towards a deeper understanding of how his value is related to personal requirements, needs and goals. Values allow young people to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of life, to use the rules of society correctly, and to adapt their behavior to the requirements of these moral criteria. In the current period, it is extremely urgent to convey to students and pupils the essence of the processes of appreciation and depreciation, to achieve a correct explanation of the importance of the values declared by independence.
Modern axiology, which is a set of knowledge about the sense of value and appreciation, the category of values, their essence, content, and forms of manifestation in the education and formation of young people, especially students, as representatives of a spiritually mature generation, i.e. Teaching the fundamentals of values is extremely important. It is for this reason that one of the main criteria of educational effectiveness is to use the opportunity of knowledge fields that summarize the achievements of the whole humanity in terms of values.