1. Introduction The titanium oxide is a typical n-type semiconductor. It has three crystalline forms found in nature: brookite, anatase

• 
A – Layer obtained from a powder prepared using 
neutralized distilled water;
• 
B – Layer obtained from a powder prepared using distilled 
water with a ph equal to 3;
• 
C – Layer obtained from a powder prepared using distilled 
water with a ph equal to 2;
• 
D – Layer obtained from commercial TiO
2
micro powder.
a) 
b) 
Fig. 9. Raman spectrum of titanium oxide micro powder (a) and 
nanopowder (b)

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From the graph in Fig. 10 it can be concluded that the 
highest absorbance characterized the A sample. An absorption 
of 1.541 for a wavelength of 228 nm was achieved. Samples B 
and C has almost the same absorption capacity equal to about 
1.401 for a wavelength of 226 nm. The lowest absorption has 
a sample D equal to 1.223 at a wavelength of the incident 
wave equal to 310 nm. It can, therefore, be concluded that the 
grain size affects in a significant way the absorption capacity. 
The value of absorbance of titanium dioxide was increased 
by reducing the grain size. This will have a significant 
impact on the ability to a generation of electric charge during 
electrochemical processes taking place in the dye-sensitized 
solar cells. 
Fig. 10. A graph of absorbance of the titanium oxide 
depending on the length of the incident wave
In Figure 11 is a graph of the absorption of nano-structured 
titanium oxide layer that is coated with an n3dye. it can be 
seen that the dye extends the absorption of titanium oxide with 
a wavelength of 400-700 nm.
fig. 11. A graph of absorbance of the titanium oxide covered with n3 
dye depending on the length of the incident wave
4. conclusions
By the sol-gel method, the nanocrystalline powder 
of titanium oxide was prepared that was confirmed by 
the research on the transmission electron microscope. 
Produced nanopowder has anatase structure that was 
confirmed by X-ray and Raman research. Anatase is the 
most desirable form of a crystalline structure of titanium 
oxide from the point of view of its use in dye-sensitized solar 
cells. The particle diameter of the prepared powder does not 
exceed a few nanometers and purchased a commercial TiO2 
powder particles is in the range from 90 to 400 nm. By this 
study, it can be concluded that the grain size substantially 
affects on the ability of absorption. By reducing the 
grain size, increasing the value of absorbance of titanium 
dioxide. This will have a significant impact on the ability to
a generation of electric charge during electrochemical 
processes taking place in the dye-sensitized solar cells.
acknowledgment
The works have been implemented within the framework 
of the project entitled “Interaction between the nanostructural 
coatings with carbon nanoelements and substrate of the 
integrated dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells”, funded by 
the Polish national science centre in the framework of the 
“oPus” competitions. The project was financed by the 
national science centre granted by the decision number 
Dec-2013/09/b/sT8/02943. This publication was financed 
by the Ministry of science and higher education of Poland 
as the statutory financial grant of the faculty of Mechanical 
engineering suT.
references
[1] J. Domaradzki, A. borkowska, D. kaczmarek, e.L. Prociow, 
Opt. Appl.