1. quantity,types of domestic solid waste ecological problems caused by solid waste

Water Disinfection, Weather and Other Causes
Water disinfection can also cause the formation of dangerous byproducts, such as bromates, haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes — all of which can increase your risk of cancer. Other byproducts, such as chlorite, can cause anemia and nervous system problems in babies and children.
Other potential sources of water contamination include:

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   Industrial activities, such as mining and foundries.
   
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   Runoff from soil, air pollution and automobile emissions.
   
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   Malfunctioning wastewater treatment systems, such as septic tanks.
   
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   Leaking underground storage systems and pipes.
   
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   Landfill leakage.
   
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   Sewer overflows.
   
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   Radiation leaks from nuclear power plants.
   

5.types of water contamination
Numerous types of contaminants can threaten drinking water. They include chemicals and pesticides, animal waste and industrial waste injected into the ground. Naturally occurring substances such as arsenic, radon and fluoride can also contaminate groundwater.
Waterborne pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and parasites, can also contaminate water. These contaminants can lead to severe illness, including gastrointestinal upset, neurological problems and reproductive issues. They are especially dangerous to the very young and very old and to those with compromised immune systems.

6.system of environmental indicators of the republic of azerbaijan
Oil Contamination and Hazardous Waste. Some 10,000 hectares of land on the Absheron Peninsula have been contaminated by oil as a result of decades-long (and careless) oil and gas exploration and exploitation in that area and its foreshore. The extent of hazardous waste disposal by enterprises in Sumgayit, established in 1940s .The cocktail of hazardous waste is a potent one not limited to oil and mercury but including also storage of obsolete agrochemicals and low-level radioactive waste.20 Declared an ecological disaster zone 1992, later (1995) attempts to tackle the environmental decline in Sumgayit through a revival of the town’s economic fortunes (e.g., establishment of a free economic zone) appear to be stalled.Except for bottles, there is no waste separation. Management of landfills, where it exists (e.g., the Balakhany landfill outside Baku), is a matter of simple compacting. A very low percentage of waste is recycled. Official figures may well underestimate the extent of informal recycling,
7.system of biological processing of waste and energy acquistion
It’s important to place the idea of generating energy from waste in its proper context – and the waste hierarchy does this best. The waste hierarchy tool indicates an order of preference for actions to reduce and manage waste.
It places energy generation (recovery) below reducing waste, re-use, and recycling and composting, meaning it’s those options that should be considered first when managing waste; but above waste disposal meaning that waste-to-energy is preferable to landfill.
How truly ‘green’ waste-to-energy is depends on the efficiency of the plant turning the waste into energy, and the proportion of the waste that is biodegradable. This affects whether the approach is considered to be ‘recovery’ or simply ‘disposal’ of waste.
There are number of ways of generating energy from waste. These include combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery.
First up, combustion. This is where heat produced by burning waste produces heat, driving a turbine to generate electricity. This indirect approach to generation currently has an efficiency of around 15-27%, albeit with a lot of potential for improvements. Whether any approach to generating energy from waste can be considered sustainable depends on the ‘net calorific value’ of the waste going into the process. Where incineration of waste is concerned, that figure must be 7 MJ/kg, meaning the likes of paper, plastics and textiles are best suited to the combustion method of generating energy from waste.


Of course, combustion produces emissions – 250-600 kg CO2/tonne of waste processed – but this is offset by the fact that fossil fuels don’t need to burned. There are, however, other pollutants emitted from combustion in the form of flue gas.

8.aerobic wastewater treatment.anaerobic treatment
Aerobic wastewater treatment processes include simple septic or aerobic tanks, and oxidation ditches; surface and spray aeration; activated sludge; oxidation ditches, trickling filters; pond and lagoon-based treatments; and aerobic digestion. Constructed wetlands and various types of filtration are also considered biological treatment processes. Diffused aeration systems may be used to maximize oxygen transfer and minimize odors as the wastewater is treated. Aeration provides oxygen to the helpful bacteria and other organisms as they decompose organic substances in the wastewater.
A time-honored example of an aerobic biological treatment method is the activated sludge process, which is widely used for the secondary treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewater. It is well suited for treating waste streams high in organic or biodegradable content and is often used to treat municipal sewage; wastewater generated by pulp and paper mills or food-related industries such as meat processing; and industrial waste streams containing carbon molecules.