260
TESTS ON COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE
ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES
What language universals were
spoken about at the world
congress of linguists in 1961?
a)
a,b,c
b)
Synchronic
c)
Diachronic
d)
Absolute and static
Are the majority of suffixes in the
agglutinated languages
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Monosemantic
b)
Polysemantic
c)
a,b
d)
Polysemantic inclined to be
monosemantic
Are the majority of suffixes in
inflected languages polysemantic
or monosemantic?
a)
Polysemantic
b)
a,b
c)
Polysemantic inclined to be
monosemantic
d)
Monosemantic
What type do the languages of
North America, Siberia, and
Northern Australia belong to?
a)
Polysynthetic
b)
a,c
c)
Agglutinated
d)
Inflected
What is the type of the Arabic
language?
a)
Agglutinated-inflected
b)
a,c
c)
Polysynthetic
d)
Incorporated
Who is considered to be the
founder of phonetic typology?
a)
E.D.Polivanov
b)
Rasmusk R
c)
M.V. Panov
d)
F de Sossyur
Who studied phonetic system of
Turkic languages?
a)
M.Kashgari
b)
Rasmusk R
c)
M.V. Panov
d)
F de Sossyur
Can the English nouns be used in
the function of adjectives?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
They always can be used in
the function of adjectives
d)
a,c
Who is the founder of
phonological typology?
a)
c,d
b)
Rasmusk R.
261
c)
Panov M.V.
d)
Trubetskoy N.
What language is considered to
be the language with non-
developed morphology?
a)
Chinese
b)
Russian
c)
Uzbek
d)
German
What categories dealing with the
levels of the language was
established by A.V.Bandarko?
a)
Functional-semantic
categories
b)
Grammatical-lexical fields
c)
Notional categories
d)
a,b
What did Guliga E.V. and
Shendels E.I. establish for the
typological investigation of one
language?
a)
Grammatical-lexical fields
b)
Semantic fields
c)
Notional categories
d)
a,b
Can the Uzbek nouns be used in
the function of adjectives?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
a,d
d)
They always can be used in
the function of adjectives
How are the tense forms in
Uzbek expressed ?
a)
Synthetically and synthetic-
analitically
b)
Synthetically
c)
Analitically
d)
Polysynhetically
On what level of the language is
subjunctive mood in English
expressed?
a)
On the morphological level
b)
On the phonological level
c)
On the lexical level
d)
On the syntactical level
How is the imperative mood in
English expressed?
a)
Synthetically, analytically and
synthetical-analytically
b)
Synthetically
c)
Synthetical-analytically
d)
Analytically
Do the Russian nouns agree in
gender with forms of verbs in the
past tense?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
In most cases don’t agree
d)
Sometimes they do
Do the Uzbek nouns agree in
gender with forms of verbs in the
past tense?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
In most cases they don’t agree
262
d)
Sometimes they do
On what level of the language is
the subjunctive mood in Russian
expressed?
a)
On the morphological level
b)
On the syntactical level
c)
On the lexical level
d)
On the phonological level
Is the imperative mood in
Russian expressed synthetically
or analytically?
a)
Synthetic-analytically,
synthetically
b)
Synthetically
c)
Analytically
d)
Synthetically, analytically
How is the category of the
degrees of comparison of
adjectives expressed in the
English language?
a)
Synthetically and synthetic-
analytically
b)
Analytically
c)
Synthetically
d)
Synthetic-analytically
Do the English nouns agree in
gender with forms of verbs in the
past tense?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
In most cases they do
d)
Sometimes they do
How is the category of the
degrees of comparison of
adjectives in Russian expressed?
a)
Synthetically and synthetic-
analytically
b)
Synthetically
c)
Synthetic-analytically
d)
Analytically
Is the degree of comparison in
the English, Russian and Uzbek
languages a grammatical or
lexical category?
a)
Grammatical category
b)
Lexical category
c)
Logical category
d)
Lexical-grammaical category
Have the English numerals any
grammatical categories?
a)
They don’t have any
grammatical categories
b)
Grammatical category of
gender
c)
Grammatical category of
number
d)
c,d
What grammatical categories
have the Uzbek numerals?
a)
Grammatical category of case
b)
Grammatical category of
gender
c)
Grammatical category of the
degrees of comparison
d)
a,b
263
What grammatical categories
have Russian numerals?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Grammatical category of
gender
c)
Grammatical category of
number
d)
Grammatical category of case
What grammatical categories
have the English pronouns?
a)
They don’t have any
grammatical categories
b)
Grammatical category of
number
c)
Grammatical category of
gender
d)
Grammatical category of case
What grammatical categories
have the Russian pronouns?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Grammatical category of
number
c)
Grammatical category of case
d)
Grammatical category of
gender
What grammatical categories
have the Uzbek pronouns?
a)
b,c
b)
Grammatical category of case
c)
Grammatical category of
number
d)
Grammatical category of
gender
Linguistic typology investigates...
a)
Universal phenomena which
unite languages or separate them
b)
Private cases of similarity in
languages
c)
Distinctions in languages
d)
Diachronic phenomena of
languages
What are the different viewpoints
to the language description?
a)
Internal, external
b)
External
c)
Internal
d)
General
Linguistic typology studies
language systems...
a)
On the basis of comparative
method
b)
On the basis of comparison of
private cases
c)
On the basis of mathematic
analysis
d)
On the basis of
transformational method
What do you understand by
panchronical comparison of
language systems?
a)
Living or dead languages’
systems are compared
synchronically and diachronically
b)
Living or dead languages’
systems are compared
c)
Dead languages’ systems are
compared
d)
Living languages’ systems are
264
compared
Do the adjectives in Russian
agree with nouns they modify in
number,gender and case?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Sometimes they do
d)
Mostly they don’t
Do the adjectives in Uzbek agree
with nouns they modify in
number, gender and case?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
Sometimes they do
d)
In majority cases they don’t
agree
Substantional comparison is…
a)
a comparison of language
systems and their elements
b)
a comparison of all concrete
things or objects
c)
a comparison of some
concrete things or objects
d)
a comparison of the
grammatical structure of different
languages
Internal approach to comparison
is …
a)
the study of the systems of
any concrete national language
b)
the study of non-related
systems
c)
the study of related systems
d)
the study of related and non-
related languages
Linguistic typology may be
classified…
a)
a,b,c
b)
according to the subject of
comparison
c)
according to the levels of
language hierarchy
d)
according to two plans of the
language
Do the adjectives in English
agree with nouns they modify in
number, gender and case?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
Sometimes they do
d)
In majority cases they don’t
The development of linguistic
typology is connected …
a)
with the appearance of
comparative historical linguistics
b)
with the interrelation between
padigmatic and syntagmatic
aspects of a certain language
c)
with the development of
mental ability of mankind
d)
with the history of general
linguistics
The main periods of the
development of linguistic
typology:
a)
a,b,c,d
b)
The appearance of primary
linguistic works
265
c)
The appearance of Port-Royal
grammar and Devon Lugat at
Turk
d)
The appearance of
comparative historical linguistics
The main factors of the
development of linguistic
typology:
a)
All of the answers are right
b)
Typological imitation which
caused the appearance of
grammars on the basis of Latin
and Greek grammars
c)
The study of unwritten and
less known languages, the
influence of the translation and
lexicography
d)
Practical and scientific study
of foreign languages and
interlanguage contacts
Universal grammar dealt with…
categories
a)
Phonetic, grammatical, logical
b)
Philosophical
c)
Logical and grammatical
d)
Phonetic and logical
Grammatical category consists
of…
a)
b,c,d
b)
the grammatical form
c)
grammatical meaning
d)
the plan of meaning and the
plan of expression
What kind of classification of
languages do you know?
a)
All of them
b)
Genealogical classification
c)
Typological classification
d)
Morphological and syntactical
classifications
What is the genealogical
classification of languages?
a)
Classification of languages
according to their origin
b)
Classification of languages
according to their structure
c)
Classification of languages
according to their systems
d)
Classification of languages
according to their types
The most characteristic feature of
inductive grammar explanation
is:
a)
It rejects the need of formal
grammar analysis
b)
It requires translation
c)
It rejects learning by heart
d)
It guarantees conscious
learning
The most characteristic feature of
deductive grammar explanation
is:
a)
Direct teacher explanations
are followed by related exercises
b)
Students can acquire language
naturally
c)
Learners discover rules for
themselves
266
d)
Interaction takes place before
explanation
Have the English adverbs any
grammatical categories?
a)
The degrees of comparison
b)
They don’t have any
grammatical categories
c)
The category of gender
d)
The category of gender and
comparison
Have the Uzbek adverbs any
grammatical categories?
a)
The grammatical category of
the degrees of comparison
b)
Grammatical category of case
c)
Grammatical category of
number
d)
Grammatical category of
gender
Are the degree of comparison of
adverbs in English expressed on
the morphological or syntactical
levels of the language?
a)
On the morphological
b)
On the syntactical
c)
On the morphological-
syntactical
d)
On the lexical
Is government a syntactical tie or
a grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical signal
d)
a,b,c
Is agreement a syntactical tie or a
grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical signal
d)
a,b,c
Is adjoining a syntactical tie or a
grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical signal
d)
a,b,c
Can the grammatical category of
the plurality of nouns be
expressed by zero morpheme in
Russian?
a)
B,d
b)
Yes
c)
No
d)
By non-marked morheme
Can the grammatical category of
plurality of nouns be expressed
by zero morpheme in Uzbek?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
a,b
d)
By marked morpheme
On what level of the Turkic
languages do we find
synharmonism?
a)
On the phonological level
b)
On the morphological level
c)
On the syntactical level
267
d)
a,b,c
In what language do you find
extensive members of the
sentence instead of subordinate
clauses?
a)
In Turkic languages
b)
In English
c)
In Uzbek
d)
a,b
What main factors are important
for the stability of agglutinated
type of language structure in
B.A.Serebrenikov’s opinion?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Absence of the division of
nouns into classes
c)
Presence of the stable word
order
d)
The limits between root and
affixal morphemes are light
In what languages the limits
between the root and affixal
morphemes are light?
a)
Turkic languages
b)
Germanic languages
c)
Inflected lnaguages
d)
a,b,c
In what languages the limits
between the root and affixal
morphemes are dark?
a)
Inflected lnaguages
b)
Turkic languages
c)
Germanic languages
d)
a,b,c
Are the parts of speech primary
grammatical or primary lexico-
grammatical categories?
a)
Primary lexico-grammatical
categories
b)
Primary grammatical
categories
c)
Primary lexical categories
d)
a,b
How do we classify secondary
grammatical categories?
a)
Proceeding from form and
meaning followed by function
b)
Proceeding from form
c)
Proceeding from meaning
d)
Proceeding from function
In what branch of linguistics are
the forms of words studied?
a)
In morphology
b)
In lexicology
c)
In phonology
d)
In phonetics
What linguistic phenomenon is it
reasonable to begin typological
analysis of the language with?
a)
Morphological categories
b)
Logical categories
c)
Philosophical categories
d)
Lexical categories
What meaning do we understand
under the category of case?
a)
The meaning denoting
relations between the noun and
other words in the senence
268
b)
a,c
c)
The meaning denoting relation
between actions and means of
the material expression
d)
Declension
What smallest meanings do the
case forms possess in Russian?
a)
All the answers are right
b)
Objectness
c)
Gender
d)
Number
Are case forms in Russian
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Polysemantic
b)
Monosemantic
c)
In majority cases
monosemantic
d)
a,b
Are case forms in English
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Monosemantic
b)
In majority cases
monosemantic
c)
Polysemantic
d)
a,d
Is word order a syntactical tie or
a grammatical means?
a)
A grammatical means
b)
A syntactical tie
c)
A grammatical meaning
d)
a,b,c
Is word order in the sentence
free or fixed in English?
a)
Free
b)
Fixed
c)
In majority of cases free
d)
a,b,c
To what type of a language does
the English language refer?
a)
Inflected inclined to be
analytical
b)
Agglutinated
c)
Isolated
d)
Agglutinated-inflected
To what type of a language does
the Russian language refer?
a)
Inflected
b)
Agglutinated
c)
Isolated
d)
Agglutinated-inflected
To what type of a language does
the Uzbek language refer?
a)
Agglutinated
b)
Inflected
c)
Isolated
d)
Agglutinated-inflected
What meaning do the nouns
possess?
a)
Substance
b)
Quality
c)
Objects
d)
Quantity
What grammatical categories do
the English nouns have?
a)
b,c
b)
Case
269
c)
Number
d)
Gender
What grammatical categories do
the Russian nouns have?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Case
c)
Number
d)
Gender
What grammatical categories do
the Uzbek nouns have?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Case
c)
Number
d)
Possession
What grammatical categories do
the Uzbek verbs have?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Person and number
c)
Tense ,voice
d)
Mood, transitivity and
intransivity
What grammatical categories do
the Russian verbs have?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Person and number
c)
Tense ,voice, aspect
d)
Mood, transitivity and
intransitivity
What grammatical categories do
the English verbs have?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Person and number
c)
Tense ,voice,aspect
d)
Mood, transitivity and
intransivity
Who is the author of the word-
form theory?
a)
F.F.Fortunatov
b)
F. de Sossyur
c)
Boduen de Kurtene
d)
M.V. Panov
Who is the representative of
Moscow linguistic school?
a)
M.N. Peterson
b)
F. de Sossyur
c)
Boduen de Kurtene
d)
H. Sweet
Who is the founder of the
Moscow linguistic school?
a)
F.F.Fortunatov
b)
F. de Sossyur
c)
Boduen de Kurtene
d)
M.V. Panov
What languages did the authors
compare in the book “Port-Royal
grammar”?
a)
Germanic languages
b)
Greek language
c)
Sanscrit language
d)
Latin language
Do the adjectives in Uzbek
possess full or short forms?
a)
Full forms
b)
Short forms
c)
Mostly short forms
d)
a,b
270
What language was used as
etalon language in the 17
th
– 18
th
centuries?
a)
Latin language
b)
Germanic languages
c)
Greek language
d)
Sanscrit language
When did genetic typology
appear?
a)
20
th
century
b)
17
th
century
c)
18
th
century
d)
19
th
century
Who dealt with the reconstruction
of languages?
a)
All the answers are right
b)
Grimm Y.
c)
Schleicher A.
d)
Rask R, Bopp F.
What does the areal typology
study?
a)
b,d
b)
It deals with geographically
limited number of languages
c)
It deals with geographically
non-limited number of languages
d)
It studies dialects, compiles,
dialectical dictionaries
The most characteristic feature of
inductive grammar explanation
is:
a)
it rejects the need of formal
grammar analysis-
b)
it requires translation
c)
it rejects learning by heart
d)
it guarantees conscious
learning
e)
it designates a passive role on
the part of the learners
Have the English adverbs any
grammatical categories?
a)
The degrees of comparison
b)
They don’t have any
grammatical categories
c)
The category of gender
d)
The category of gender and
comparison
Have the Uzbek adverbs any
grammatical categories?
a)
Grammatical category of the
degrees of comparison
b)
Grammatical category of case
c)
Grammatical category of
number
d)
Grammatical category of
gender
Do the adjectives in English
possess full or short forms?
a)
Full forms
b)
Short forms
c)
Mostly short forms
d)
a,b
Are the degrees of comparison of
adverbs in English expressed on
the morphological or syntactical
levels of the language?
a)
On the morphological level
b)
On the syntactical level
271
c)
On the morphological-
syntactical level
d)
On the lexical level
Is government a syntactical tie or
a grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical relation
d)
a,b,c
Is agreement a syntactical tie or a
grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical relation
d)
a,b,c
Is adjoining a syntactical tie or a
grammatical means?
a)
A syntactical tie
b)
A grammatical means
c)
A grammatical relation
d)
a,b,c
Is word order a syntactical tie or
a grammatical means?
a)
A grammatical means
b)
A syntactical tie
c)
A grammatical relation
d)
a,b,c
Is word order a synthetic
grammatical means or analytical?
a)
An analytical grammatical
means
b)
A synthetic grammatical
means
c)
A synthetic-analytical means
d)
a,b,c
To what type of a language does
the English language refer?
a)
Inflected inclined to be
analytical
b)
Agglutinated
c)
Isolated
d)
Agglutinated-inflected
To what type of a language does
the Russian language refer?
a)
Inflected
b)
Agglutinated
c)
Isolated
d)
Agglutinated-inflected
What language phenomenon was
discussed in the World Congress
of Linguists in 1961?
a)
Linguistic universals
b)
Etalon language
c)
Reconstruction of languages
d)
Comparative method
What famous linguists took part
in the World Congress of
Linguists in 1961?
a)
b,c
b)
Greenberg J.
c)
Jenkins L., Osgood Ch.
d)
Arno and Lanslo
What language universals were
spoken about at the world
congress of linguists in 1961?
a)
b,c,d
272
b)
Synchronic
c)
Diachronic
d)
Absolute and
statistic,deductive-
inductive,simple and complex
Are the majority of suffixes in the
agglutinated languages
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Monosemantic
b)
Polysemantic
c)
a,b
d)
Polysemantic inclined to be
monosemantic
Are the majority of suffixes in
inflected languages polysemantic
or monosemantic?
a)
Polysemantic
b)
a,b
c)
Polysemantic inclined to be
monosemantic
d)
Monosemantic
Are the affixal morphemes of
plurality of Russian nouns
connected to the root morphemes
or stems by fusion or
agglutination?
a)
b,c
b)
By fusion
c)
Very seldom by agglutination
d)
By agglutination
Are the affixal morphemes of
plurality of Uzbek nouns
connected to the root morphemes
or stems by fusion or
agglutination?
a)
By agglutination
b)
By fusion
c)
By inner fusion
d)
a,b
Are the affixal morphemes of
plurality of English nouns
connected to the root morphemes
or stems by fusion or
agglutination?
a)
b,c
b)
By agglutination
c)
Sometimes by fusion
d)
Very seldom by agglutination
Is the singularity of Russian
nouns marked or non-marked?
a)
c,d
b)
Non-marked
c)
Marked
d)
Sometimes non-marked
Is the singularity of English
nouns marked or non-marked?
a)
Non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
Sometimes non-marked
d)
a,b
Is the singularity of Uzbek nouns
marked or non-marked?
a)
Non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
Sometimes non-marked
d)
a,b
273
Is the common case of nouns in
Russian marked or non-marked?
a)
Sometimes marked,
sometimes non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
Non-marked
d)
Marked with zero morheme
Is the common case of nouns in
Uzbek marked or non-marked?
a)
Non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
In majority cases non-marked
d)
Mostly marked
Is the common case of nouns in
Uzbek marked or non-marked?
a)
Non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
In majority cases non-marked
d)
Mostly marked
Is the expression of plurality of
nouns by sound interchange
limited or productive in modern
English?
a)
Limited
b)
Productive
c)
Mostly productive
d)
Plurality of nouns in English
is never expressed by sound
interchange
Can the plurality of nouns in
Russian be expressed sound
interchange only?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
In minority of cases
d)
Only by affixes
What is the type of Chucotic
language?
a)
Polysinthetic
b)
Agglutinated
c)
Infleced
d)
Infleced-agglutinated
What is the type of the Arabic
language?
a)
Agglutinated-inflected
b)
a,c
c)
Agglutinated
d)
Isolated
Who is considered to be the
founder of phonetic typology?
a)
E.D.Polivanov
b)
Rasmus R.
c)
M.V. Panov
d)
F de Sossyur
What categories dealing with the
levels of the language was
established by A.V.Bondarko?
a)
Functional-semantic
categories
b)
Grammatical-lexical fields
c)
Notional categories
d)
a,b
What did Guliga E.V. and
Shendels E.I. establish for the
typological investigation of one
language?
a)
Grammatical-lexical fields
274
b)
Funcional-semantic categories
c)
Notional categories
d)
a,b
Can the grammatical category of
the plurality of nouns be
expressed by zero morpheme in
Russian?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Mostly by agglutinated affixal
morpheme
d)
By marked morpheme
Can the grammatical category of
the plurality of nouns be
expressed by zero morpheme in
Uzbek?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Mostly by fusion
d)
By marked morpheme
On what level of the Turkic
languages do we find
synharmonism?
a)
On the phonological level
b)
On the morphological level
c)
On the syntactical level
d)
a,b
In what language do you find
extensive members of the
sentence instead of subordinate
clauses?
a)
In Turkic languages
b)
In English
c)
In Uzbek
d)
In Russian
What main factors are important
for the stability of agglutinated
type of language structure in
B.A.Serebrenikov’s opinion?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Absence of the devision of
nouns into classes
c)
Presence of the stable word
order
d)
The limits between the root
and affixal morphemes are light
In what languages the limits
between the root and affixal
morphemes are dark?
a)
Inflected lnaguages
b)
Turkic languages
c)
Germanic languages
d)
a,b,c
Are the parts of speech primary
grammatical or primary lexico-
grammatical categories?
a)
Primary lexico-grammatical
categories
b)
Primary grammatical
categories
c)
Primary lexical categories
d)
a,b
How do we classify secondary
grammatical categories?
a)
Proceeding from form and
meaning followed by function
b)
Proceeding from form
c)
Proceeding from meaning
275
d)
Proceeding from function
In what branch of linguistics are
the forms of words studied?
a)
In morphology
b)
In syntax
c)
In phonology
d)
In phonetics
What linguistic phenomenon is it
reasonable to begin typological
analysis of the language with?
a)
Grammatical categories
b)
Lexical-grammatical
categories
c)
Logical categories
d)
Notional categories
What meaning do we understand
under the category of case?
a)
The meaning denoting the
relation of the noun towards other
words in the sentence
b)
The meaning denoting relation
between objects
c)
The meaning denoting relation
between actions and means of
the material expression
d)
The meaning denoting
subject-object relations
What sems do the case forms
possess in Russian?
a)
b,c,d
b)
Objectness
c)
Gender
d)
Number
Are case forms in Russian
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Polysemantic
b)
Monosemantic
c)
In majority cases
monosemantic
d)
a,b
Are case forms in English
polysemantic or monosemantic?
a)
Monosemantic
b)
In majority cases
monosemantic
c)
Polysemantic
d)
a,c
Are the affixal morphemes of
plurality of Uzbek nouns
connected to the root morphemes
or stems by fusion or
agglutination?
a)
By agglutination
b)
By fusion
c)
Very seldom by agglutination
d)
a,b
Are the affixal morphemes of
plurality of English nouns
connected to the root morphemes
or stems by fusion or
agglutination?
a)
b,c
b)
By agglutination
c)
Sometimes by fusion
d)
Very seldom with
agglutination
276
Is the common case of nouns in
Uzbek marked or non-marked?
a)
Non-marked
b)
Marked
c)
In majority cases non-marked
d)
Mostly marked
Is the expression of plurality of
nouns by sound interchange
limited or productive in modern
English?
a)
Limited
b)
Productive
c)
Mostly productive
d)
Plurality of nouns in English
is never expressed by sound
interchange
Can the plurality of nouns in
Russian be expressed by sound
interchange only?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
In majoriy of cases it is
expressed by agglutination
d)
It is expressed by suppletive
form
Can the plurality of nouns in
Uzbek be expressed by sound
interchange ?
a)
No
b)
Yes
c)
In majority of cases it is
expressed by fusion
d)
It is always expressed by
fusional affixation
Linguistic typology investigates...
a)
Universal phenomena which
unite languages or separate them
b)
Private cases of similarity in
languages
c)
Distinctions in languages
d)
Origin of related and non-
related languages
What are the different viewpoints
to the language description?
a)
internal, external
b)
External
c)
Internal
d)
General
Linguistic typology studies
language systems...
a)
on the basis of comparative
method
b)
on the basis of comparison of
private cases
c)
on the basis of their individual
features ignoring commonalities
d)
on the basis of comparative-
historical method
Internal approach to comparison
is …
a)
The study of the systems of
any concrete national language
b)
The study of non-related
systems
c)
The study of related systems
d)
The study of related and non-
related languages
277
Substantional comparison is…
a)
a comparison of language
systems and their elements
b)
a comparison of all concrete
things or objects
c)
a comparison of some
concrete things or objects
d)
a comparison of the
grammatical structure of different
languages
Linguistic typology may be
classified…
a)
all the answers are right
b)
according to the subject of
comparison
c)
according to the levels of
language hierarchy
d)
according to two plans of the
language
The development of linguistic
typology is connected …
a)
with the appearance of
comparative historical linguistics
b)
c,d
c)
with the development of
mental ability of mankind
d)
with the history of general
linguistics
The main periods of the
development of linguistics
typology:
a)
a,b,c
b)
The appearance of primary
linguistic works
c)
The appearance of Port-Royal
grammar and Devonu Lugat -at –
Turk by M. Koshgariy
d)
The appearance of
comparative historical linguistics
The main factors of the
development of linguistic
typology:
a)
b, c, d
b)
Typological imitation which
caused the appearance of
grammars on the basis of Latin
and Greek grammars
c)
The study of unwritten and
less known languages, the
influence of the translation and
lexicography
d)
The appearance of the
“Universal Grammar” by Arno
and Lanslo
Universal grammar dealt with…
categories
a)
phonetic, grammatical, logical
b)
philosophical
c)
logical and grammatical
d)
phonetic and logical
What is the genealogical
classification of languages?
a)
Classification of languages
according to their origin
b)
Classification of languages
according to their structure
c)
Classification of languages
according to their systems
d)
Classification of languages
according to their types
278
What is typological
classification?
a)
Classification of languages according
to their type
b)
Classification of languages
according to their origion
c)
Classification of languages
according to their relationship
d)
b,c
What is system closeness?
a)
The identity and non-identity
of structural types of compared
languages
b)
Identity of morphemes
c)
Identity of syntactical units
d)
Identity and non-identity of
morphology
What is genetic closeness?
a)
Material identity of the group
of compared language
b)
Genetically differently related
languages
c)
Genetically different families
of languages
d)
b,c.
What is areal limitation?
a)
Comparison is limited by the
group of languages belonging to
a certain geographic area
b)
Comparison is limited by the
group of languages belonging to
different geographic area
c)
Comparison is limited by the
typologically related languages
d)
a.,b.,c.
What is deep identity?
a)
Generalized meaning peculiar
to a group of compared languages
and has different representation
on surface
b)
Concrete meaning peculiar to
a group of compared languages
c)
Private cases peculiar to a
group of compared languages
d)
Material expression of the
generalized meaning in the group
of compared languages
What is surface identity?
a)
Different representation of the
concrete meaning
b)
a,b,c
c)
Identity of expression in form
What is formal approach to
comparison?
a)
c,d
b)
Any typological analysis
based on logical categories
c)
Any typological analysis
produced in the way of
description
d)
Any typological analysis
produced by separate system of
symbols
What is content approach to
comparison?
a)
Comparison of languages on
the basis of preliminary chosen
categorial meaning
279
b)
Any typological analysis
based on logical categories
c)
Any typological analysis
based on grammatical categories
d)
a,b,c
What is one-level approach to
comparison?
a)
Language phenomena studied
on the phonetic or morphological
levels of linguistic hierarchy
b)
All language phenomena
studied on the levels of the
linguistic hierarchiy
c)
a,b,c
d)
The grammatical meaning
expressed only in one level of the
language is compared
What is cross-level approach to
comparison?
a)
Investigation of the chosen
categorical notion in all levels of
the language
b)
Investigation of a chosen
categorial notion in one level of
the language
c)
Grammatical meaning
expressed in two levels of the
languages
d)
d.,c.
What is the perfectness of
typological operation?
a)
All the answers are correct
b)
Every language is described
independently
c)
The results of the description
of the studied languages are
compared
d)
General laws of isomorphic
and allomorphic features of
compared languages are revealed
What is genetic typology?
a)
b,c
b)
Deals with the languages
genetically related synchronically
c)
Deals with the languages
genetically related diachronically
d)
Studies the origin of
languages
Areal typology deals …..
a)
with geographically limited
number of language
b)
with geographically non
limited number of languages
c)
with cross-level approach to
comparison
d)
with one-level approach to
comparison
Linguistic universals are…
a)
certain linguistic phenomenon
or regularity which is common to
all or the majority of languages
b)
certain notion which is
common to the majority of
language
c)
certain logical categories
common to all languages
d)
certain philosophical
categories common to all
languages of the world
280
When did Port-Royal grammar
appear?
a)
In the 17century
b)
In the 19century
c)
In the 20 ceuntyr
d)
In the 11ceuntry
“Universal Grammar” is
connected with the name of the
scholar….in linguistics
a)
Noam Chomsky
b)
Guliga E.V.
c)
Shendels E.I.
d)
Greenberg J.
Isolated type of the language…..
a)
all the answers are correct
b)
is characterized by the
absence of inflections
c)
is characterized by the
absence of affixal morphemes
d)
is characterized by the less
developed word formation
Agglutinated types of the
language are characterized…..
a)
all the answers are correct
b)
by monosemantic affixal
morphemes in the majority of
cases
c)
by modifying word which is
used before the noun
d)
by suffixes which are added
to the root morphemes or stems
without fusion
Inflected type of languages are
characterized
a)
All the answers are correct
b)
By the polysementic affixal
morphemes
c)
By the free word order in the
sentence
d)
By the fusional addition of
affixal-morphemes to the root
morphemes or stems
Who suggested agglutinated -
inflected type of language
a)
F.F.Fortunatov
b)
F.Schlegel
c)
A.Schlegel
d)
W.Humboldt
Who suggested the term isolated
type of language instead of the
term amorphous type of language
?
a)
W.Humboldt
b)
F.F.Fortunatov
c)
A.Schlegel
d)
F.Schlegel
Who suggested polysynthetic
type of languages?
a)
W.Humboldt
b)
F.F.Fortunatev
c)
A.Schlegel
d)
F.Schlegel
How did G.P.Melnikov classify
languages?
a)
On the basis of determinant
classification
b)
On the basis of the structure
of word
c)
On the basis of morphological
281
structure
d)
On the basis of syntactical ties
Who established typological
categories
a)
J.Buranov
b)
a.,b.,c.
c)
I.Meshchaninov
d)
Shendelas E.I.
Phonetic typology …
a)
deals with the units of
phonetic level of related and non-
related languages
b)
deals with the comparison of
phonemes
c)
deals with the comparison of
phonological level
d)
deals with phonology
Who is the founder of phonetic
typology?
a)
Polivanov Y.D, Shcerbak
A.M.
b)
Panov M.V, Klychkov G.S.
c)
a,b,c
d)
Yakobson R. and Trubetskoy
N.
Indifference to system closeness
means …
a)
a,b
b)
indifference to the identity or
non-identity of structural types of
compared languages
c)
indifference to the relationship
of languages
d)
indifference to the non-
relationship of languages
Indifference to genetic closeness
means …
a)
a,b
b)
indifference to material
identity of the group of compared
languages
c)
indifference to the relationship
of languages
d)
indifference to the non-
relationship of languages
Areal limitation means that …
a)
comparison is limited by the
group of languages belonging to
a certain geographic area
b)
comparison is not limited by
the group of languages belonging
to a certain geographic area
c)
a,b
d)
comparison is indifferent to
the closeness of geographic area
Areal non-limitation means that
…
a)
comparison is not limited by
the group of languages belonging
to a certain geographic area
b)
comparison is limited by the
group of languages belonging to
a certain geographic area
c)
comparison is indifferent to
the closeness of geographic area
d)
a,b
Functional-semantic categories
…
282
a)
are expressed by the units of
the grammatical and lexical
levels
b)
are expressed by functional
words
c)
a,b,c
d)
are expressed by analytical
froms
Grammatical-lexical fields…
a)
unite vocabulary and grammar
for the expression of this or that
categorical notion
b)
unite lexical and grammatical
caegories
c)
unite analytical and synthetic
from
d)
a,d
Grammatical meaning …
a)
is an abstract meaning
concerning to the class of words
which is expressed in some
grammatical from
b)
is the content plan
c)
is the lexical meaning of the
word
d)
is the grammatical signal
The binary opposition of word
forms…
a)
is the syntagmatic and
paradigmatic opposition of word
forms
b)
is the opposition of the
grammatical from and meaning
c)
is the opposition of the plan of
meaning
d)
is the opposition of the
content plan and formal plan
What is the type of language?
a)
The type of the language is
defined according to prevalent
features of the language
b)
The stable sum of leading
features connected with each
other
c)
The plan of meaning and the
plan of from make up the type of
the language
d)
a,b
What is a type in the language?
a)
c,d
b)
Language phenomena not
considered to be a leading feature
c)
Language phenomena
considered to be a leading feature
d)
Language phenomena
considered to be dominant
# What is isomorphism?
a)
b,c
b)
A common relation between
two or more forms expressing
one linguistic phenomenon
c)
If there are many classes of
declension there should be
classes of strong and weak verbs
in the language
d)
If there are postwords there
should be prepositions in the
language
# What is allomorphism?
283
a)
Different forms expressing the
same grammatical meaning
b)
Different forms expressing
different linguistic relations
c)
Different grammatical
meanings expressed by the same
grammatical from
d)
b.,c.
# What is compensation?
a)
b,c,d
b)
If language disposes two
ways of expressing the same
grammatical phenomenon,there
may be found the language which
uses one of them
c)
If in a language phenomenon
“A” is solved in a concrete way
the phenomenon “B” should be
solved in this way too
d)
If there is phenomenon “A”
there may be the phenomenon
“B” too in the language
# What is a three-morpheme
structure?
a)
Root stem forming suffix with
the case inflexion make up a
three-morpheme structure of the
word
b)
Roottwo stem forming
suffixes make up a three
morpheme structure of the word
c)
Rootcase forming flexion with
the suffix make up the three
morpheme structure of the word
d)
b,c
# What is a two-morpheme
structure?
a)
Rootcase form make up a two
morpheme structure of the word
b)
Rootstem forming suffix make
up a two-morpheme structure of
the word
c)
Rootword forming suffix case
form make up a two-morpheme
structure
d)
-b,c
# What can you say about the
disappearance of case forms?
a)
b,c,d
b)
The lost of the semantic
meaning of stem forming suffixes
caused the latter become the
phonetic component of the word
being combined with the case
inflection
c)
The lost of the semantic
meaning of stem forming suffixes
caused the formation of the
homonymical case forms
d)
The lost of the semantic
meaning of stem forming suffixes
caused words’ three-morpheme
structure change into two-
morpheme structure
# What can you say about
analytical case forms in English?
a)
Expression of the relation
among the objects, actions by the
prepositional constructions
b)
Expression of the relation
among the objects, actions by the
284
combination of the functional
and notional words
c)
Expression of the relation
among the objects by analytical
forms
d)
a,b
# What levels of the language do
you know?
a)
b,c
b)
Phonological, morphological
c)
Syntactical, lexical
d)
Formal, logical
# What grammatical meanings in
English can be expressed on the
phonological level of the
language?
a)
Plurality of nouns, past tense
b)
Perfect tense forms
c)
Third person singular of the
verbs
d)
Degrees of comparison of
adjectives
# What grammatical meanings in
English can be expressed on the
phono – morphological level of
the language?
a)
Plurality of nouns and Past
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