1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Avram Noam Chomsky
(born December 
7, 1928) is an American linguist, 
philosopher, 
cognitive 
scientist, 
historian,[b][c] social critic, and political 
activist. Sometimes called "the father of 
modern linguistics",[d] Chomsky is also a 
major figure in analytic philosophy and one 
of the founders of the field of cognitive 
science. He is a Laureate Professor of 
Linguistics at the University of Arizona and 
an Institute Professor Emeritus at the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
(MIT), and is the author of more than 150 books on topics such as 
linguistics, war, politics, and mass media. Ideologically, he aligns with 
anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism. 
During his postgraduate work in the Harvard Society of Fellows, 
Chomsky developed the theory of transformational grammar for which 
he earned his doctorate in 1955. That year he began teaching at MIT, 
and in 1957 emerged as a significant figure in linguistics with his 
landmark work Syntactic Structures, which played a major role in 
remodeling the study of language. From 1958 to 1959 Chomsky was a 
National Science Foundation fellow at the Institute for Advanced 
Study. He created or co-created the universal grammar theory, the 

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generative grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, and the minimalist 
program. Chomsky also played a pivotal role in the decline of linguistic 
behaviorism, and was particularly critical of the work of B. F. Skinner. 
Since retiring from active teaching at MIT, he has continued his 
vocal political activism, including opposing the 2003 invasion of Iraq 
and supporting the Occupy movement. Chomsky began teaching at the 
University of Arizona in 2017. 
One of the most cited scholars alive, Chomsky has influenced a 
broad array of academic fields. He is widely recognized as having 
helped to spark the cognitive revolution in the human sciences, 
contributing to the development of a new cognitivistic framework for 
the study of language and the mind. In addition to his continued 
scholarship, he remains a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy, 
neoliberalism and contemporary state capitalism, the Israeli–
Palestinian conflict, and mainstream news media. Chomsky and his 
ideas are highly influential in the anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist 
movements.